zerodep Benchmark

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency	Ref tail latency	Ratio
Deserialize (Large)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	515.9 µs	440.3 µs	1.9K	2.3K	498.0 µs	1.40 ms	39.5 µs	530.1 µs	427.9 µs	557.1 µs	8.3 µs	448.2 µs	1.2x slower
Deserialize (Medium)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	30.2 µs	27.9 µs	33.1K	35.9K	29.3 µs	213.4 µs	2.4 µs	31.4 µs	26.9 µs	73.5 µs	1.6 µs	28.7 µs	1.1x slower
Deserialize (Small)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	1.4 µs	872.0 ns	693.9K	1.15M	1.3 µs	17.8 µs	291.2 ns	1.5 µs	771.0 ns	15.4 µs	245.4 ns	911.0 ns	1.7x slower
Json Round Trip (Large)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	2.22 ms	13.58 ms	449.6	73.6	2.17 ms	2.57 ms	40.4 µs	2.28 ms	2.20 ms	4.556 s	227.14 ms	2.30 ms	6.1x faster
Json Round Trip (Medium)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	125.9 µs	127.4 µs	7.9K	7.8K	121.5 µs	192.2 µs	4.3 µs	133.5 µs	123.1 µs	229.6 µs	5.3 µs	135.1 µs	~equal
Json Round Trip (Small)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	8.5 µs	9.2 µs	117.0K	108.8K	8.2 µs	37.5 µs	839.8 ns	8.7 µs	8.8 µs	50.6 µs	860.2 ns	9.4 µs	1.1x faster
Serialize (Large)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	1.17 ms	1.43 ms	856.1	698.2	1.14 ms	5.47 ms	168.3 µs	1.18 ms	1.41 ms	1.60 ms	15.5 µs	1.46 ms	1.2x faster
Serialize (Medium)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	63.9 µs	78.3 µs	15.7K	12.8K	62.1 µs	114.6 µs	2.5 µs	70.2 µs	75.6 µs	292.6 µs	7.8 µs	84.5 µs	1.2x faster
Serialize (Small)	zerodep	a2a-protocol	3.0 µs	3.9 µs	328.5K	255.6K	2.8 µs	24.7 µs	462.6 ns	3.1 µs	3.5 µs	3.68 ms	24.8 µs	3.8 µs	1.3x faster

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency	Ref tail latency	Ratio
Deserialize (Large)	zerodep	acp (ref)	110.2 µs	59.9 µs	9.1K	16.7K	106.4 µs	227.2 µs	3.4 µs	116.6 µs	58.1 µs	144.9 µs	2.7 µs	66.1 µs	1.8x slower
Deserialize (Medium)	zerodep	acp (ref)	4.3 µs	43.6 µs	231.3K	23.0K	4.1 µs	26.6 µs	520.7 ns	4.4 µs	42.0 µs	139.8 µs	2.4 µs	46.5 µs	10.1x faster
Deserialize (Small)	zerodep	acp (ref)	1.3 µs	1.3 µs	776.2K	761.3K	1.2 µs	14.9 µs	295.5 ns	1.3 µs	1.2 µs	62.6 µs	416.8 ns	1.3 µs	~equal
Json Round Trip (Large)	zerodep	acp (ref)	692.3 µs	297.6 µs	1.4K	3.4K	678.6 µs	773.2 µs	9.4 µs	702.3 µs	290.1 µs	405.1 µs	5.9 µs	305.6 µs	2.3x slower
Json Round Trip (Medium)	zerodep	acp (ref)	66.8 µs	61.5 µs	15.0K	16.3K	64.6 µs	125.7 µs	2.9 µs	73.2 µs	59.3 µs	148.6 µs	3.3 µs	68.2 µs	1.1x slower
Json Round Trip (Small)	zerodep	acp (ref)	7.5 µs	5.2 µs	133.6K	192.1K	7.2 µs	26.0 µs	679.8 ns	7.6 µs	5.0 µs	20.9 µs	538.3 ns	5.3 µs	1.4x slower
Serialize (Large)	zerodep	acp (ref)	392.5 µs	58.8 µs	2.5K	17.0K	383.7 µs	491.9 µs	7.4 µs	400.6 µs	57.0 µs	149.0 µs	2.5 µs	65.1 µs	6.7x slower
Serialize (Medium)	zerodep	acp (ref)	46.5 µs	10.3 µs	21.5K	97.2K	44.6 µs	118.8 µs	2.2 µs	52.2 µs	9.8 µs	41.2 µs	869.7 ns	10.4 µs	4.5x slower
Serialize (Small)	zerodep	acp (ref)	3.0 µs	977.9 ns	333.9K	1.02M	2.8 µs	64.5 µs	503.8 ns	3.0 µs	892.0 ns	30.5 µs	314.6 ns	1.0 µs	3.1x slower

aes↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Cbc Decrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	286.77 ms	134.7 µs	3.5	7.4K	284.44 ms	290.99 ms	2.55 ms	290.99 ms	95.2 µs	214.5 µs	20.9 µs	176.8 µs	2128.6x slower
Cbc Decrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	14.8 µs	134.7 µs	67.7K	7.4K	14.2 µs	39.5 µs	1.1 µs	15.2 µs	95.2 µs	214.5 µs	20.9 µs	176.8 µs	9.1x faster
Cbc Decrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	4.48 ms	10.5 µs	223.2	95.3K	4.43 ms	4.75 ms	40.4 µs	4.54 ms	10.0 µs	43.9 µs	901.3 ns	11.1 µs	426.9x slower
Cbc Decrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.8 µs	10.5 µs	173.7K	95.3K	5.5 µs	58.7 µs	951.7 ns	5.9 µs	10.0 µs	43.9 µs	901.3 ns	11.1 µs	1.8x faster
Cbc Decrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	86.0 µs	8.3 µs	11.6K	120.9K	82.7 µs	363.6 µs	8.5 µs	92.3 µs	7.9 µs	28.7 µs	867.9 ns	8.4 µs	10.4x slower
Cbc Decrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.3 µs	8.3 µs	188.5K	120.9K	5.0 µs	28.5 µs	792.8 ns	5.4 µs	7.9 µs	28.7 µs	867.9 ns	8.4 µs	1.6x faster
Cbc Encrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	203.99 ms	117.8 µs	4.9	8.5K	202.52 ms	205.88 ms	1.36 ms	205.88 ms	88.1 µs	181.6 µs	24.7 µs	161.8 µs	1731.1x slower
Cbc Encrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	55.7 µs	117.8 µs	18.0K	8.5K	54.8 µs	87.8 µs	2.0 µs	61.5 µs	88.1 µs	181.6 µs	24.7 µs	161.8 µs	2.1x faster
Cbc Encrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	3.35 ms	10.1 µs	298.5	98.9K	3.22 ms	5.47 ms	287.1 µs	3.93 ms	9.0 µs	31.9 µs	889.9 ns	10.6 µs	331.4x slower
Cbc Encrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	6.3 µs	10.1 µs	157.6K	98.9K	6.0 µs	21.2 µs	667.5 ns	6.4 µs	9.0 µs	31.9 µs	889.9 ns	10.6 µs	1.6x faster
Cbc Encrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	64.5 µs	7.8 µs	15.5K	128.6K	62.3 µs	191.9 µs	3.7 µs	70.9 µs	7.3 µs	114.0 µs	1.4 µs	7.9 µs	8.3x slower
Cbc Encrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.2 µs	7.8 µs	192.0K	128.6K	5.0 µs	21.3 µs	639.2 ns	5.3 µs	7.3 µs	114.0 µs	1.4 µs	7.9 µs	1.5x faster
Ctr Encrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	207.92 ms	77.6 µs	4.8	12.9K	207.11 ms	209.57 ms	1.00 ms	209.57 ms	75.3 µs	110.8 µs	2.5 µs	84.4 µs	2678.6x slower
Ctr Encrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	16.0 µs	77.6 µs	62.4K	12.9K	15.6 µs	45.8 µs	1.2 µs	16.4 µs	75.3 µs	110.8 µs	2.5 µs	84.4 µs	4.8x faster
Ctr Encrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	3.36 ms	10.4 µs	297.9	95.8K	3.30 ms	3.74 ms	35.7 µs	3.40 ms	9.9 µs	32.8 µs	1.2 µs	10.8 µs	321.7x slower
Ctr Encrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	6.2 µs	10.4 µs	160.7K	95.8K	5.9 µs	179.0 µs	2.2 µs	6.3 µs	9.9 µs	32.8 µs	1.2 µs	10.8 µs	1.7x faster
Ctr Encrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	66.8 µs	9.1 µs	15.0K	109.5K	64.7 µs	103.9 µs	2.6 µs	73.2 µs	8.7 µs	32.0 µs	964.8 ns	9.4 µs	7.3x slower
Ctr Encrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.7 µs	9.1 µs	174.1K	109.5K	5.5 µs	30.9 µs	756.3 ns	5.8 µs	8.7 µs	32.0 µs	964.8 ns	9.4 µs	1.6x faster
Ecb Decrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	272.88 ms	16.2 µs	3.7	61.5K	269.68 ms	278.65 ms	3.58 ms	278.65 ms	15.7 µs	46.1 µs	1.2 µs	16.7 µs	16795.0x slower
Ecb Decrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	14.5 µs	16.2 µs	68.9K	61.5K	14.1 µs	60.8 µs	1.2 µs	14.8 µs	15.7 µs	46.1 µs	1.2 µs	16.7 µs	1.1x faster
Ecb Decrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	4.49 ms	7.5 µs	222.7	133.6K	4.42 ms	4.84 ms	45.8 µs	4.56 ms	7.1 µs	50.8 µs	869.7 ns	7.6 µs	599.9x slower
Ecb Decrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.5 µs	7.5 µs	180.6K	133.6K	5.3 µs	45.3 µs	873.4 ns	5.6 µs	7.1 µs	50.8 µs	869.7 ns	7.6 µs	1.4x faster
Ecb Decrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	85.1 µs	7.1 µs	11.8K	141.2K	81.3 µs	158.8 µs	7.9 µs	93.0 µs	6.6 µs	149.5 µs	2.4 µs	7.3 µs	12.0x slower
Ecb Decrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.1 µs	7.1 µs	196.3K	141.2K	4.8 µs	30.4 µs	764.6 ns	5.1 µs	6.6 µs	149.5 µs	2.4 µs	7.3 µs	1.4x faster
Ecb Encrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	203.43 ms	16.2 µs	4.9	61.8K	202.94 ms	203.91 ms	352.3 µs	203.91 ms	15.1 µs	233.8 µs	2.6 µs	21.4 µs	12564.6x slower
Ecb Encrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	15.6 µs	16.2 µs	64.1K	61.8K	15.2 µs	45.1 µs	1.2 µs	15.9 µs	15.1 µs	233.8 µs	2.6 µs	21.4 µs	~equal
Ecb Encrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	3.37 ms	7.0 µs	296.5	143.0K	3.32 ms	3.48 ms	24.7 µs	3.41 ms	6.6 µs	30.9 µs	753.6 ns	7.2 µs	482.1x slower
Ecb Encrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.6 µs	7.0 µs	179.6K	143.0K	5.3 µs	33.6 µs	769.6 ns	5.7 µs	6.6 µs	30.9 µs	753.6 ns	7.2 µs	1.3x faster
Ecb Encrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	66.9 µs	6.5 µs	14.9K	152.8K	63.2 µs	223.3 µs	9.2 µs	77.6 µs	6.2 µs	39.9 µs	792.9 ns	6.7 µs	10.2x slower
Ecb Encrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	5.1 µs	6.5 µs	194.2K	152.8K	4.8 µs	27.8 µs	1.1 µs	5.3 µs	6.2 µs	39.9 µs	792.9 ns	6.7 µs	1.3x faster
Gcm Decrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	299.82 ms	124.6 µs	3.3	8.0K	293.01 ms	310.26 ms	8.39 ms	310.26 ms	120.5 µs	231.0 µs	7.0 µs	132.5 µs	2406.1x slower
Gcm Decrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	15.7 µs	124.6 µs	63.5K	8.0K	15.2 µs	52.8 µs	1.2 µs	16.1 µs	120.5 µs	231.0 µs	7.0 µs	132.5 µs	7.9x faster
Gcm Decrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	4.77 ms	45.9 µs	209.5	21.8K	4.72 ms	4.88 ms	26.6 µs	4.82 ms	44.3 µs	152.5 µs	2.9 µs	51.7 µs	104.0x slower
Gcm Decrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	7.5 µs	45.9 µs	132.6K	21.8K	7.2 µs	78.0 µs	984.0 ns	7.7 µs	44.3 µs	152.5 µs	2.9 µs	51.7 µs	6.1x faster
Gcm Decrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	209.5 µs	45.1 µs	4.8K	22.2K	203.9 µs	273.9 µs	4.9 µs	217.2 µs	43.6 µs	77.9 µs	2.6 µs	51.5 µs	4.6x slower
Gcm Decrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	7.0 µs	45.1 µs	143.7K	22.2K	6.7 µs	27.9 µs	756.8 ns	7.1 µs	43.6 µs	77.9 µs	2.6 µs	51.5 µs	6.5x faster
Gcm Encrypt (Large)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	294.87 ms	113.8 µs	3.4	8.8K	292.42 ms	297.19 ms	1.91 ms	297.19 ms	110.7 µs	279.5 µs	4.8 µs	121.0 µs	2590.6x slower
Gcm Encrypt (Large)	openssl	PyCryptodome	15.8 µs	113.8 µs	63.2K	8.8K	15.3 µs	61.0 µs	1.2 µs	16.1 µs	110.7 µs	279.5 µs	4.8 µs	121.0 µs	7.2x faster
Gcm Encrypt (Medium)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	4.70 ms	35.9 µs	212.8	27.8K	4.65 ms	4.93 ms	35.9 µs	4.77 ms	34.5 µs	136.8 µs	4.1 µs	41.5 µs	130.9x slower
Gcm Encrypt (Medium)	openssl	PyCryptodome	7.7 µs	35.9 µs	130.5K	27.8K	7.3 µs	28.8 µs	729.4 ns	7.8 µs	34.5 µs	136.8 µs	4.1 µs	41.5 µs	4.7x faster
Gcm Encrypt (Small)	pure_python	PyCryptodome	208.7 µs	34.8 µs	4.8K	28.7K	203.1 µs	261.8 µs	5.1 µs	216.3 µs	33.6 µs	74.6 µs	2.0 µs	36.7 µs	6.0x slower
Gcm Encrypt (Small)	openssl	PyCryptodome	7.1 µs	34.8 µs	141.8K	28.7K	6.8 µs	26.0 µs	708.1 ns	7.2 µs	33.6 µs	74.6 µs	2.0 µs	36.7 µs	4.9x faster

cache↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Decorator Overhead	zerodep_lru	cachetools	178.2 µs	196.9 µs	5.6K	5.1K	172.2 µs	238.0 µs	4.2 µs	185.3 µs	189.6 µs	285.0 µs	5.1 µs	205.3 µs	1.1x faster
Decorator Overhead	zerodep_ttl	cachetools	232.8 µs	224.0 µs	4.3K	4.5K	225.3 µs	351.7 µs	5.9 µs	240.6 µs	216.5 µs	289.3 µs	5.0 µs	231.9 µs	~equal
Eviction Pressure	zerodep_lfu	cachetools	1.42 ms	1.54 ms	704.5	648.3	1.30 ms	2.11 ms	34.6 µs	1.43 ms	1.51 ms	1.81 ms	18.8 µs	1.56 ms	1.1x faster
Eviction Pressure	zerodep_lru	cachetools	1.25 ms	1.41 ms	799.6	708.0	1.23 ms	1.51 ms	17.4 µs	1.26 ms	1.39 ms	1.58 ms	14.2 µs	1.43 ms	1.1x faster
Key Function	zerodep_hashkey	cachetools	507.2 µs	515.6 µs	2.0K	1.9K	494.6 µs	581.9 µs	6.6 µs	515.0 µs	502.4 µs	829.9 µs	16.1 µs	523.1 µs	~equal
Key Function	zerodep_typedkey	cachetools	977.6 µs	1.24 ms	1.0K	804.4	962.6 µs	1.27 ms	16.8 µs	986.1 µs	1.22 ms	2.01 ms	40.1 µs	1.26 ms	1.3x faster
LRUGet Set	zerodep	cachetools	714.9 µs	821.6 µs	1.4K	1.2K	693.7 µs	1.00 ms	14.3 µs	728.6 µs	801.5 µs	990.0 µs	11.4 µs	833.2 µs	1.1x faster
Mixed Workload	zerodep	cachetools	595.6 µs	665.2 µs	1.7K	1.5K	582.9 µs	696.9 µs	8.1 µs	604.0 µs	649.0 µs	821.4 µs	9.9 µs	676.5 µs	1.1x faster
TTLExpiry	zerodep	cachetools	3.02 ms	3.01 ms	331.2	332.4	2.98 ms	3.14 ms	24.5 µs	3.06 ms	2.97 ms	3.14 ms	26.8 µs	3.06 ms	~equal
Threaded Contention	zerodep	cachetools	8.76 ms	9.44 ms	114.2	106.0	8.58 ms	9.01 ms	92.1 µs	8.91 ms	9.27 ms	9.76 ms	84.3 µs	9.57 ms	1.1x faster

cdp↗

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Command Throughput	send_command_burst	3.89 ms	256.9	3.18 ms	4.35 ms	487.4 µs	4.31 ms
Full Render Pipeline	get_rendered_text	739.8 µs	1.4K	550.2 µs	2.05 ms	121.0 µs	931.1 µs
Full Render Pipeline	get_rendered_text_fresh_client	1.04 ms	961.4	867.5 µs	1.31 ms	140.5 µs	1.23 ms
Js Eval Throughput	evaluate_burst	932.0 µs	1.1K	841.9 µs	1.23 ms	99.5 µs	1.16 ms
Multi Target	multi_target_pipeline	3.76 ms	265.8	2.88 ms	5.26 ms	517.1 µs	4.95 ms
Render Html	get_rendered_html	689.4 µs	1.5K	573.6 µs	1.04 ms	57.4 µs	817.3 µs

config↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Cast Bool	zerodep	python-decouple	973.8 ns	1.9 µs	1.03M	512.8K	891.0 ns	28.5 µs	239.1 ns	1.0 µs	1.8 µs	36.5 µs	428.8 ns	2.0 µs	2.0x faster
Cast Int	zerodep	python-decouple	929.3 ns	1.8 µs	1.08M	558.1K	841.0 ns	45.0 µs	329.3 ns	942.0 ns	1.7 µs	51.0 µs	433.5 ns	1.8 µs	1.9x faster
Csv Cast	zerodep	python-decouple	2.0 µs	9.6 µs	488.6K	103.7K	1.9 µs	44.9 µs	445.9 ns	2.1 µs	9.2 µs	58.5 µs	1.1 µs	9.9 µs	4.7x faster
Dotenv Lookup	zerodep	python-decouple	539.3 ns	1.3 µs	1.85M	761.3K	509.2 ns	2.6 µs	44.7 ns	546.3 ns	1.2 µs	18.0 µs	264.1 ns	1.3 µs	2.4x faster
Env Lookup	zerodep	python-decouple	682.3 ns	1.3 µs	1.47M	752.1K	611.0 ns	22.8 µs	204.0 ns	721.0 ns	1.2 µs	10.3 µs	283.4 ns	1.4 µs	1.9x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Config Init	zerodep_env_only	442.6 ns	2.26M	417.6 ns	3.2 µs	41.4 ns	448.7 ns
Config Init	zerodep_with_dotenv	850.7 µs	1.2K	794.5 µs	6.45 ms	261.2 µs	874.3 µs
Config Init	zerodep_with_json	34.7 µs	28.8K	33.4 µs	1.04 ms	9.6 µs	37.1 µs
Nested Json Lookup	zerodep	1.6 µs	620.4K	1.5 µs	27.5 µs	311.6 ns	1.6 µs

diff↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Parse (Large)	zerodep	unidiff	74.0 µs	146.1 µs	13.5K	6.8K	72.0 µs	120.2 µs	2.8 µs	80.3 µs	142.4 µs	254.3 µs	4.8 µs	152.7 µs	2.0x faster
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	unidiff	24.1 µs	47.8 µs	41.6K	20.9K	22.7 µs	74.9 µs	1.5 µs	24.5 µs	46.2 µs	104.0 µs	2.1 µs	53.1 µs	2.0x faster
Parse (Small)	zerodep	unidiff	8.0 µs	16.3 µs	124.8K	61.5K	7.7 µs	45.9 µs	755.0 ns	8.1 µs	15.4 µs	74.5 µs	1.2 µs	16.6 µs	2.0x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Apply (Large)	zerodep	46.5 µs	21.5K	44.8 µs	85.7 µs	2.2 µs	51.0 µs
Apply (Medium)	zerodep	5.8 µs	171.2K	5.5 µs	45.0 µs	627.2 ns	5.9 µs
Apply (Small)	zerodep	2.0 µs	498.0K	1.9 µs	33.9 µs	394.2 ns	2.1 µs

dotenv↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Parse (Large)	zerodep	python-dotenv	1.04 ms	1.04 ms	963.5	961.7	1.02 ms	1.16 ms	11.8 µs	1.05 ms	1.03 ms	1.19 ms	11.8 µs	1.05 ms	~equal
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	python-dotenv	148.0 µs	147.1 µs	6.8K	6.8K	142.8 µs	280.8 µs	7.7 µs	154.9 µs	143.7 µs	225.5 µs	4.5 µs	153.9 µs	~equal
Parse (Small)	zerodep	python-dotenv	21.2 µs	21.2 µs	47.2K	47.1K	20.4 µs	47.0 µs	1.7 µs	21.8 µs	20.4 µs	67.6 µs	1.5 µs	21.6 µs	~equal

frontmatter↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Parse (Large)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	354.7 µs	353.9 µs	2.8K	2.8K	347.1 µs	420.5 µs	5.9 µs	361.9 µs	345.9 µs	416.5 µs	5.8 µs	361.1 µs	~equal
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	69.0 µs	68.2 µs	14.5K	14.7K	65.9 µs	153.9 µs	5.6 µs	75.0 µs	65.7 µs	128.5 µs	2.7 µs	74.3 µs	~equal
Parse (Small)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	10.7 µs	10.8 µs	93.8K	92.9K	10.2 µs	39.5 µs	923.2 ns	10.8 µs	10.3 µs	62.8 µs	932.2 ns	10.9 µs	~equal
Serialize (Large)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	542.0 µs	556.3 µs	1.8K	1.8K	528.7 µs	678.3 µs	9.3 µs	552.1 µs	531.9 µs	1.11 ms	51.9 µs	594.8 µs	~equal
Serialize (Medium)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	111.1 µs	111.0 µs	9.0K	9.0K	107.6 µs	196.1 µs	3.9 µs	118.1 µs	107.7 µs	169.9 µs	3.3 µs	117.8 µs	~equal
Serialize (Small)	zerodep	python-frontmatter	17.0 µs	18.0 µs	58.8K	55.4K	16.3 µs	70.1 µs	1.3 µs	17.9 µs	17.3 µs	61.7 µs	1.3 µs	18.5 µs	1.1x faster

httpclient↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Async Client Get	zerodep	httpx	844.4 µs	20.68 ms	1.2K	48.4	750.5 µs	10.71 ms	342.1 µs	942.7 µs	19.24 ms	27.75 ms	2.26 ms	26.01 ms	24.5x faster
Async File Upload	zerodep	httpx	1.19 ms	20.85 ms	843.8	48.0	999.3 µs	3.60 ms	243.1 µs	1.28 ms	19.72 ms	25.82 ms	1.69 ms	25.73 ms	17.6x faster
Async Get	zerodep	httpx	793.5 µs	20.52 ms	1.3K	48.7	716.4 µs	1.01 ms	39.6 µs	885.4 µs	19.17 ms	26.62 ms	1.83 ms	25.12 ms	25.9x faster
Async Post JSON	zerodep	httpx	881.5 µs	21.05 ms	1.1K	47.5	776.1 µs	1.16 ms	41.5 µs	975.2 µs	19.33 ms	29.89 ms	2.64 ms	27.03 ms	23.9x faster
Async Streaming	zerodep	httpx	842.1 µs	20.27 ms	1.2K	49.3	746.8 µs	1.01 ms	39.0 µs	924.7 µs	19.19 ms	26.71 ms	1.95 ms	25.75 ms	24.1x faster
Concurrent Async Get	zerodep[N=10]	httpx	7.04 ms	66.05 ms	142.0	15.1	6.06 ms	85.17 ms	6.69 ms	6.80 ms	63.91 ms	73.72 ms	2.95 ms	73.72 ms	9.4x faster
Concurrent Async Get	zerodep[N=50]	httpx	30.96 ms	270.36 ms	32.3	3.7	28.01 ms	100.83 ms	12.17 ms	30.10 ms	254.35 ms	328.68 ms	32.62 ms	328.68 ms	8.7x faster
Concurrent Async Post	zerodep	httpx	6.83 ms	66.94 ms	146.3	14.9	6.55 ms	8.63 ms	186.6 µs	7.00 ms	64.92 ms	68.68 ms	1.16 ms	68.68 ms	9.8x faster
Connection Pool Reuse	zerodep	httpx	47.33 ms	89.07 ms	21.1	11.2	45.91 ms	49.55 ms	1.07 ms	48.97 ms	86.83 ms	91.57 ms	1.68 ms	91.57 ms	1.9x faster
Sync Client Get	zerodep	httpx	467.1 µs	743.7 µs	2.1K	1.3K	416.9 µs	604.0 µs	27.8 µs	519.8 µs	661.9 µs	4.68 ms	142.6 µs	861.5 µs	1.6x faster
Sync File Upload	zerodep	httpx	733.2 µs	14.74 ms	1.4K	67.8	630.7 µs	5.91 ms	169.8 µs	789.6 µs	13.59 ms	26.84 ms	2.76 ms	22.53 ms	20.1x faster
Sync Get	zerodep	httpx	464.1 µs	13.90 ms	2.2K	71.9	407.2 µs	599.7 µs	26.9 µs	511.9 µs	13.05 ms	24.59 ms	2.22 ms	15.39 ms	29.9x faster
Sync Gzip Decompression	zerodep	httpx	481.8 µs	14.02 ms	2.1K	71.3	426.8 µs	622.2 µs	37.1 µs	554.6 µs	13.16 ms	24.20 ms	2.50 ms	22.59 ms	29.1x faster
Sync Post JSON	zerodep	httpx	515.8 µs	14.14 ms	1.9K	70.7	436.3 µs	670.3 µs	33.2 µs	578.1 µs	13.21 ms	23.64 ms	2.52 ms	22.61 ms	27.4x faster
Sync Streaming	zerodep	httpx	467.7 µs	13.90 ms	2.1K	71.9	420.7 µs	602.4 µs	27.3 µs	521.8 µs	13.08 ms	23.99 ms	2.45 ms	22.01 ms	29.7x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Async Socks5Get	zerodep	1.41 ms	710.6	1.28 ms	1.81 ms	54.0 µs	1.50 ms
Sync Socks5Get	zerodep	959.5 µs	1.0K	809.6 µs	1.63 ms	56.2 µs	1.04 ms
Sync Socks5Post JSON	zerodep	41.99 ms	23.8	41.84 ms	42.23 ms	108.1 µs	42.21 ms
Sync Socks5Streaming	zerodep	951.5 µs	1.1K	783.8 µs	1.72 ms	70.2 µs	1.06 ms

httpserver↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Concurrent Get	zerodep	flask	4.81 ms	6.69 ms	208.1	149.5	4.38 ms	6.12 ms	532.5 µs	6.00 ms	6.02 ms	7.38 ms	464.8 µs	7.26 ms	1.4x faster
Concurrent Get	zerodep	microdot	4.81 ms	6.13 ms	208.1	163.0	4.38 ms	6.12 ms	532.5 µs	6.00 ms	5.13 ms	8.67 ms	1.25 ms	8.29 ms	1.3x faster
Concurrent Get	zerodep	bottle	4.81 ms	1.024 s	208.1	1.0	4.38 ms	6.12 ms	532.5 µs	6.00 ms	1.023 s	1.024 s	369.7 µs	1.024 s	213.0x faster
Concurrent Post	zerodep	flask	5.31 ms	7.38 ms	188.2	135.6	4.88 ms	6.47 ms	510.6 µs	6.38 ms	6.69 ms	10.92 ms	726.8 µs	8.52 ms	1.4x faster
Concurrent Post	zerodep	microdot	5.31 ms	5.68 ms	188.2	176.0	4.88 ms	6.47 ms	510.6 µs	6.38 ms	5.39 ms	8.19 ms	437.9 µs	6.05 ms	1.1x faster
Concurrent Post	zerodep	bottle	5.31 ms	1.024 s	188.2	1.0	4.88 ms	6.47 ms	510.6 µs	6.38 ms	1.024 s	1.024 s	71.9 µs	1.024 s	192.7x faster
Get JSON	zerodep	flask	413.8 µs	523.9 µs	2.4K	1.9K	342.7 µs	625.0 µs	46.0 µs	528.1 µs	469.5 µs	977.5 µs	36.2 µs	575.4 µs	1.3x faster
Get JSON	zerodep	microdot	413.8 µs	473.7 µs	2.4K	2.1K	342.7 µs	625.0 µs	46.0 µs	528.1 µs	369.9 µs	925.5 µs	61.6 µs	621.3 µs	1.1x faster
Get JSON	zerodep	bottle	413.8 µs	463.0 µs	2.4K	2.2K	342.7 µs	625.0 µs	46.0 µs	528.1 µs	356.2 µs	1.33 ms	86.3 µs	566.1 µs	1.1x faster
Get Text	zerodep	flask	432.2 µs	519.8 µs	2.3K	1.9K	349.0 µs	708.2 µs	59.7 µs	526.5 µs	447.2 µs	1.33 ms	62.4 µs	601.9 µs	1.2x faster
Get Text	zerodep	microdot	432.2 µs	459.7 µs	2.3K	2.2K	349.0 µs	708.2 µs	59.7 µs	526.5 µs	363.2 µs	819.9 µs	53.0 µs	603.2 µs	1.1x faster
Get Text	zerodep	bottle	432.2 µs	487.2 µs	2.3K	2.1K	349.0 µs	708.2 µs	59.7 µs	526.5 µs	347.6 µs	928.5 µs	52.8 µs	540.5 µs	1.1x faster
Large Payload	zerodep	flask	682.3 µs	884.4 µs	1.5K	1.1K	598.9 µs	1.00 ms	75.5 µs	875.5 µs	757.0 µs	1.60 ms	81.0 µs	1.00 ms	1.3x faster
Large Payload	zerodep	microdot	682.3 µs	749.9 µs	1.5K	1.3K	598.9 µs	1.00 ms	75.5 µs	875.5 µs	584.2 µs	1.17 ms	93.2 µs	908.5 µs	1.1x faster
Large Payload	zerodep	bottle	682.3 µs	705.0 µs	1.5K	1.4K	598.9 µs	1.00 ms	75.5 µs	875.5 µs	599.4 µs	993.6 µs	57.9 µs	820.3 µs	~equal
Post JSON	zerodep	flask	578.3 µs	636.8 µs	1.7K	1.6K	391.6 µs	772.6 µs	94.9 µs	722.3 µs	535.1 µs	1.65 ms	126.4 µs	888.9 µs	1.1x faster
Post JSON	zerodep	microdot	578.3 µs	536.5 µs	1.7K	1.9K	391.6 µs	772.6 µs	94.9 µs	722.3 µs	423.4 µs	847.6 µs	82.6 µs	697.4 µs	1.1x slower
Post JSON	zerodep	bottle	578.3 µs	531.9 µs	1.7K	1.9K	391.6 µs	772.6 µs	94.9 µs	722.3 µs	395.2 µs	1.34 ms	83.3 µs	622.1 µs	1.1x slower

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Sync Vs Async Handler	async_handler	398.9 µs	2.5K	347.6 µs	557.3 µs	17.0 µs	428.6 µs
Sync Vs Async Handler	sync_handler	533.2 µs	1.9K	418.8 µs	1.25 ms	66.5 µs	614.8 µs

jsonrpc↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Dispatch Batch	zerodep	jsonrpcserver	107.0 µs	1.44 ms	9.3K	693.5	104.3 µs	184.1 µs	3.9 µs	113.4 µs	1.40 ms	1.69 ms	29.0 µs	1.50 ms	13.5x faster
Dispatch Error	zerodep	jsonrpcserver	7.0 µs	70.0 µs	143.1K	14.3K	6.7 µs	27.0 µs	765.1 ns	7.1 µs	65.8 µs	139.1 µs	5.7 µs	79.5 µs	10.0x faster
Dispatch Not Found	zerodep	jsonrpcserver	5.8 µs	55.4 µs	172.1K	18.0K	5.5 µs	131.0 µs	960.0 ns	5.9 µs	53.2 µs	122.5 µs	3.5 µs	63.6 µs	9.5x faster
Dispatch Success	zerodep	jsonrpcserver	5.5 µs	74.9 µs	181.6K	13.3K	5.3 µs	20.9 µs	623.0 ns	5.6 µs	70.6 µs	157.3 µs	5.4 µs	85.1 µs	13.6x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Deserialize From Dict	request_from_dict	568.2 ns	1.76M	538.8 ns	3.5 µs	48.8 ns	573.9 ns
Deserialize From Dict	response_from_dict	717.0 ns	1.39M	651.0 ns	14.5 µs	199.8 ns	742.0 ns
Id Generation	next_id	88.0 ns	11.37M	78.9 ns	603.6 ns	8.2 ns	89.2 ns
Json Round Trip	json_round_trip	4.9 µs	205.7K	4.6 µs	19.0 µs	580.5 ns	4.9 µs
Serialize To Dict	request_to_dict	298.1 ns	3.35M	279.8 ns	6.7 µs	42.5 ns	304.0 ns
Serialize To Dict	response_to_dict	248.0 ns	4.03M	228.8 ns	11.3 µs	91.7 ns	248.9 ns

jsonschema↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Perf (Large)	zerodep	allof-merge (JS)	182.2 µs	563.8 µs	5.5K	1.8K	175.5 µs	333.7 µs	7.9 µs	190.4 µs	467.6 µs	1.81 ms	102.0 µs	723.8 µs	3.1x faster
Perf (Medium)	zerodep	allof-merge (JS)	59.9 µs	256.2 µs	16.7K	3.9K	57.0 µs	149.7 µs	5.1 µs	65.8 µs	191.3 µs	2.73 ms	141.8 µs	393.1 µs	4.3x faster
Perf (Small)	zerodep	allof-merge (JS)	22.7 µs	122.6 µs	44.0K	8.2K	21.6 µs	108.5 µs	1.7 µs	23.6 µs	84.5 µs	488.4 µs	41.2 µs	198.8 µs	5.4x faster
Perf Tiny	zerodep	allof-merge (JS)	13.2 µs	113.7 µs	75.8K	8.8K	12.7 µs	31.9 µs	942.6 ns	13.4 µs	63.2 µs	553.4 µs	46.0 µs	192.9 µs	8.6x faster
Perf Xlarge	zerodep	allof-merge (JS)	1.24 ms	2.37 ms	808.2	422.7	1.21 ms	1.34 ms	14.4 µs	1.26 ms	2.19 ms	3.90 ms	224.4 µs	2.68 ms	1.9x faster

jsonx↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Fixture Load Eslint Config	zerodep	commentjson	589.1 µs	39.76 ms	1.7K	25.1	571.9 µs	1.04 ms	25.2 µs	600.6 µs	36.15 ms	121.76 ms	16.39 ms	36.92 ms	67.5x faster
Fixture Load Tsconfig	zerodep	commentjson	189.2 µs	12.32 ms	5.3K	81.1	183.8 µs	270.5 µs	5.3 µs	196.3 µs	10.98 ms	92.16 ms	9.10 ms	11.69 ms	65.2x faster
Fixture Load Vscode Settings	zerodep	commentjson	405.4 µs	21.96 ms	2.5K	45.5	396.6 µs	534.3 µs	7.7 µs	413.8 µs	19.92 ms	99.84 ms	11.48 ms	20.84 ms	54.2x faster
Jsonl (Large)	zerodep	jsonlines	1.49 ms	3.42 ms	669.3	292.0	1.05 ms	84.30 ms	5.60 ms	1.41 ms	2.63 ms	82.87 ms	7.51 ms	2.77 ms	2.3x faster
Jsonl (Large)	zerodep	ndjson	1.49 ms	1.29 ms	669.3	773.3	1.05 ms	84.30 ms	5.60 ms	1.41 ms	1.01 ms	80.33 ms	4.47 ms	1.06 ms	1.2x slower
Jsonl (Medium)	zerodep	jsonlines	68.4 µs	224.6 µs	14.6K	4.5K	66.5 µs	227.7 µs	4.0 µs	75.0 µs	218.7 µs	394.0 µs	7.1 µs	232.2 µs	3.3x faster
Jsonl (Medium)	zerodep	ndjson	68.4 µs	69.5 µs	14.6K	14.4K	66.5 µs	227.7 µs	4.0 µs	75.0 µs	67.3 µs	174.0 µs	3.5 µs	76.0 µs	~equal
Jsonl (Small)	zerodep	jsonlines	6.2 µs	24.6 µs	160.9K	40.6K	6.0 µs	50.2 µs	673.5 ns	6.3 µs	23.9 µs	60.7 µs	1.6 µs	25.2 µs	4.0x faster
Jsonl (Small)	zerodep	ndjson	6.2 µs	7.9 µs	160.9K	125.8K	6.0 µs	50.2 µs	673.5 ns	6.3 µs	7.6 µs	29.5 µs	731.8 ns	8.1 µs	1.3x faster
Load (Large)	zerodep	commentjson	1.36 ms	164.61 ms	734.8	6.1	1.34 ms	1.52 ms	15.4 µs	1.38 ms	129.71 ms	223.59 ms	44.75 ms	223.59 ms	121.0x faster
Load (Medium)	zerodep	commentjson	70.5 µs	6.08 ms	14.2K	164.5	68.6 µs	297.2 µs	3.6 µs	77.0 µs	5.99 ms	6.62 ms	65.7 µs	6.19 ms	86.2x faster
Load (Small)	zerodep	commentjson	11.7 µs	900.0 µs	85.3K	1.1K	11.3 µs	71.7 µs	1.1 µs	11.8 µs	737.6 µs	77.91 ms	2.66 ms	899.7 µs	76.8x faster

llmstxt↗

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Candidate Urls	zerodep	9.8 µs	102.5K	9.3 µs	62.3 µs	923.8 ns	9.9 µs
Parse (Large)	zerodep	978.4 µs	1.0K	945.0 µs	1.14 ms	27.7 µs	1.06 ms
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	38.1 µs	26.2K	37.2 µs	139.1 µs	1.8 µs	39.2 µs
Parse (Small)	zerodep	9.2 µs	108.4K	8.9 µs	76.5 µs	948.7 ns	9.3 µs

markdown↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Render (Large)	zerodep	mistune	4.15 ms	6.55 ms	240.8	152.7	4.10 ms	4.36 ms	39.1 µs	4.23 ms	6.45 ms	6.76 ms	56.6 µs	6.62 ms	1.6x faster
Render (Medium)	zerodep	mistune	259.1 µs	490.5 µs	3.9K	2.0K	252.8 µs	342.0 µs	6.4 µs	267.4 µs	467.8 µs	583.0 µs	14.5 µs	507.2 µs	1.9x faster
Render (Small)	zerodep	mistune	37.9 µs	43.9 µs	26.4K	22.8K	36.6 µs	77.9 µs	2.2 µs	40.0 µs	41.6 µs	79.2 µs	3.7 µs	50.6 µs	1.2x faster
Render GFMLarge	zerodep	mistune	4.63 ms	8.33 ms	216.0	120.0	4.58 ms	4.76 ms	27.7 µs	4.69 ms	8.20 ms	9.46 ms	126.5 µs	8.45 ms	1.8x faster
Render GFMMedium	zerodep	mistune	233.8 µs	477.0 µs	4.3K	2.1K	224.8 µs	305.3 µs	5.9 µs	241.7 µs	456.4 µs	620.2 µs	13.2 µs	493.2 µs	2.0x faster

multipart↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Fixture Parse Form With File	zerodep	python_multipart	42.6 µs	81.2 µs	23.5K	12.3K	41.2 µs	133.6 µs	2.2 µs	45.3 µs	78.9 µs	162.2 µs	3.2 µs	87.4 µs	1.9x faster
Fixture Parse Large Binary	zerodep	python_multipart	72.8 µs	93.0 µs	13.7K	10.8K	71.1 µs	140.5 µs	2.8 µs	79.2 µs	89.4 µs	155.3 µs	3.4 µs	99.4 µs	1.3x faster
Fixture Parse Mixed Charsets	zerodep	python_multipart	29.9 µs	59.8 µs	33.5K	16.7K	28.9 µs	81.0 µs	2.0 µs	31.3 µs	57.8 µs	116.0 µs	3.1 µs	65.6 µs	2.0x faster
Parse (Large)	zerodep	python_multipart	432.6 µs	256.6 µs	2.3K	3.9K	423.0 µs	556.3 µs	9.9 µs	450.0 µs	247.9 µs	319.8 µs	7.3 µs	271.7 µs	1.7x slower
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	python_multipart	47.6 µs	78.1 µs	21.0K	12.8K	46.3 µs	134.0 µs	2.2 µs	51.2 µs	75.5 µs	158.7 µs	3.5 µs	84.2 µs	1.6x faster
Parse (Small)	zerodep	python_multipart	16.2 µs	34.1 µs	61.7K	29.3K	15.6 µs	35.3 µs	1.1 µs	16.6 µs	32.9 µs	74.5 µs	2.0 µs	35.4 µs	2.1x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[100B]	parse_python_multipart[100B]	9.2 µs	21.8 µs	109.2K	45.9K	8.7 µs	57.2 µs	1.0 µs	9.4 µs	21.0 µs	70.1 µs	1.6 µs	22.6 µs	2.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[500B]	parse_python_multipart[500B]	9.6 µs	22.1 µs	103.7K	45.3K	9.2 µs	49.1 µs	949.2 ns	9.8 µs	21.4 µs	68.2 µs	1.5 µs	22.8 µs	2.3x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[1KB]	parse_python_multipart[1KB]	17.4 µs	35.3 µs	57.6K	28.4K	16.8 µs	75.6 µs	1.4 µs	17.9 µs	33.8 µs	86.8 µs	1.9 µs	37.0 µs	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[5KB]	parse_python_multipart[5KB]	43.6 µs	74.0 µs	22.9K	13.5K	42.4 µs	126.8 µs	2.3 µs	46.5 µs	71.3 µs	124.5 µs	3.1 µs	80.0 µs	1.7x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[10KB]	parse_python_multipart[10KB]	49.4 µs	75.8 µs	20.2K	13.2K	48.2 µs	119.0 µs	2.3 µs	55.4 µs	73.6 µs	124.5 µs	2.9 µs	81.9 µs	1.5x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[50KB]	parse_python_multipart[50KB]	130.5 µs	152.4 µs	7.7K	6.6K	127.1 µs	220.9 µs	5.9 µs	137.5 µs	147.3 µs	208.3 µs	4.6 µs	159.5 µs	1.2x faster
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[100KB]	parse_python_multipart[100KB]	189.4 µs	164.3 µs	5.3K	6.1K	185.7 µs	255.2 µs	4.3 µs	196.7 µs	159.1 µs	878.8 µs	12.9 µs	172.2 µs	1.2x slower
Scale Curve	parse_zerodep[500KB]	parse_python_multipart[500KB]	720.6 µs	401.4 µs	1.4K	2.5K	707.5 µs	2.40 ms	48.0 µs	731.5 µs	390.4 µs	527.1 µs	8.7 µs	412.8 µs	1.8x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[100B]	parse_python_multipart[100B]	1.9 µs	21.8 µs	538.7K	45.9K	1.8 µs	40.9 µs	367.3 ns	1.9 µs	21.0 µs	70.1 µs	1.6 µs	22.6 µs	11.7x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[500B]	parse_python_multipart[500B]	2.0 µs	22.1 µs	511.7K	45.3K	1.8 µs	40.9 µs	421.0 ns	2.0 µs	21.4 µs	68.2 µs	1.5 µs	22.8 µs	11.3x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[1KB]	parse_python_multipart[1KB]	2.6 µs	35.3 µs	383.2K	28.4K	2.5 µs	47.8 µs	459.3 ns	2.7 µs	33.8 µs	86.8 µs	1.9 µs	37.0 µs	13.5x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[5KB]	parse_python_multipart[5KB]	4.4 µs	74.0 µs	226.6K	13.5K	4.2 µs	52.5 µs	658.5 ns	4.5 µs	71.3 µs	124.5 µs	3.1 µs	80.0 µs	16.8x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[10KB]	parse_python_multipart[10KB]	4.7 µs	75.8 µs	215.0K	13.2K	4.4 µs	62.9 µs	666.0 ns	4.7 µs	73.6 µs	124.5 µs	2.9 µs	81.9 µs	16.3x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[50KB]	parse_python_multipart[50KB]	9.2 µs	152.4 µs	108.2K	6.6K	8.7 µs	72.6 µs	1.1 µs	9.5 µs	147.3 µs	208.3 µs	4.6 µs	159.5 µs	16.5x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[100KB]	parse_python_multipart[100KB]	11.7 µs	164.3 µs	85.6K	6.1K	11.0 µs	59.8 µs	1.3 µs	14.2 µs	159.1 µs	878.8 µs	12.9 µs	172.2 µs	14.1x faster
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[500KB]	parse_python_multipart[500KB]	39.6 µs	401.4 µs	25.3K	2.5K	38.2 µs	63.6 µs	2.2 µs	46.4 µs	390.4 µs	527.1 µs	8.7 µs	412.8 µs	10.1x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[100B]	parse_python_multipart[100B]	10.8 µs	21.8 µs	93.0K	45.9K	10.3 µs	48.1 µs	995.3 ns	10.9 µs	21.0 µs	70.1 µs	1.6 µs	22.6 µs	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[500B]	parse_python_multipart[500B]	11.6 µs	22.1 µs	86.2K	45.3K	11.1 µs	110.2 µs	1.3 µs	11.9 µs	21.4 µs	68.2 µs	1.5 µs	22.8 µs	1.9x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[1KB]	parse_python_multipart[1KB]	20.1 µs	35.3 µs	49.8K	28.4K	19.3 µs	66.8 µs	1.7 µs	20.8 µs	33.8 µs	86.8 µs	1.9 µs	37.0 µs	1.8x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[5KB]	parse_python_multipart[5KB]	47.4 µs	74.0 µs	21.1K	13.5K	45.7 µs	2.66 ms	24.0 µs	53.1 µs	71.3 µs	124.5 µs	3.1 µs	80.0 µs	1.6x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[10KB]	parse_python_multipart[10KB]	54.2 µs	75.8 µs	18.4K	13.2K	51.5 µs	253.4 µs	7.8 µs	61.6 µs	73.6 µs	124.5 µs	2.9 µs	81.9 µs	1.4x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[50KB]	parse_python_multipart[50KB]	140.1 µs	152.4 µs	7.1K	6.6K	136.7 µs	219.4 µs	4.4 µs	147.1 µs	147.3 µs	208.3 µs	4.6 µs	159.5 µs	1.1x faster
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[100KB]	parse_python_multipart[100KB]	199.7 µs	164.3 µs	5.0K	6.1K	194.5 µs	325.7 µs	7.4 µs	207.5 µs	159.1 µs	878.8 µs	12.9 µs	172.2 µs	1.2x slower
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[500KB]	parse_python_multipart[500KB]	763.2 µs	401.4 µs	1.3K	2.5K	748.7 µs	890.8 µs	9.3 µs	776.5 µs	390.4 µs	527.1 µs	8.7 µs	412.8 µs	1.9x slower

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Encode (Large)	zerodep	30.0 µs	33.4K	28.3 µs	95.6 µs	3.2 µs	37.2 µs
Encode (Medium)	zerodep	6.2 µs	162.6K	5.6 µs	38.2 µs	741.2 ns	6.4 µs
Encode (Small)	zerodep	3.2 µs	310.3K	3.0 µs	36.0 µs	464.0 ns	3.3 µs
Round Trip	small	19.0 µs	52.6K	17.9 µs	144.5 µs	2.3 µs	19.6 µs
Round Trip	medium	57.0 µs	17.5K	55.1 µs	129.8 µs	3.5 µs	63.4 µs

persistdict↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Iterate (Small)	zerodep_json	shelve	426.6 µs	285.8 µs	2.3K	3.5K	284.0 µs	31.76 ms	1.42 ms	379.6 µs	255.8 µs	1.11 ms	48.4 µs	317.3 µs	1.5x slower
Iterate (Small)	zerodep_json	sqlitedict	426.6 µs	989.6 µs	2.3K	1.0K	284.0 µs	31.76 ms	1.42 ms	379.6 µs	921.1 µs	1.83 ms	69.3 µs	1.03 ms	2.3x faster
Iterate (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	shelve	718.5 µs	285.8 µs	1.4K	3.5K	687.6 µs	893.4 µs	15.5 µs	743.2 µs	255.8 µs	1.11 ms	48.4 µs	317.3 µs	2.5x slower
Iterate (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	sqlitedict	718.5 µs	989.6 µs	1.4K	1.0K	687.6 µs	893.4 µs	15.5 µs	743.2 µs	921.1 µs	1.83 ms	69.3 µs	1.03 ms	1.4x faster
Read (Small)	zerodep_json	shelve	518.7 µs	265.1 µs	1.9K	3.8K	282.2 µs	29.83 ms	1.89 ms	405.8 µs	239.5 µs	1.05 ms	36.3 µs	288.6 µs	2.0x slower
Read (Small)	zerodep_json	sqlitedict	518.7 µs	7.05 ms	1.9K	141.9	282.2 µs	29.83 ms	1.89 ms	405.8 µs	6.78 ms	8.12 ms	207.2 µs	7.45 ms	13.6x faster
Read (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	shelve	698.8 µs	265.1 µs	1.4K	3.8K	665.4 µs	1.32 ms	53.1 µs	757.3 µs	239.5 µs	1.05 ms	36.3 µs	288.6 µs	2.6x slower
Read (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	sqlitedict	698.8 µs	7.05 ms	1.4K	141.9	665.4 µs	1.32 ms	53.1 µs	757.3 µs	6.78 ms	8.12 ms	207.2 µs	7.45 ms	10.1x faster
Write (Large)	zerodep_json	shelve	10.72 ms	9.39 ms	93.3	106.5	10.55 ms	11.34 ms	105.6 µs	10.87 ms	8.84 ms	15.75 ms	1.33 ms	12.66 ms	1.1x slower
Write (Large)	zerodep_json	sqlitedict	10.72 ms	564.07 ms	93.3	1.8	10.55 ms	11.34 ms	105.6 µs	10.87 ms	524.58 ms	597.42 ms	28.29 ms	597.42 ms	52.6x faster
Write (Large)	zerodep_sqlite	shelve	113.75 ms	9.39 ms	8.8	106.5	89.96 ms	151.84 ms	22.27 ms	151.84 ms	8.84 ms	15.75 ms	1.33 ms	12.66 ms	12.1x slower
Write (Large)	zerodep_sqlite	sqlitedict	113.75 ms	564.07 ms	8.8	1.8	89.96 ms	151.84 ms	22.27 ms	151.84 ms	524.58 ms	597.42 ms	28.29 ms	597.42 ms	5.0x faster
Write (Large)	zerodep_sqlite_batched	shelve	24.25 ms	9.39 ms	41.2	106.5	15.86 ms	241.64 ms	29.47 ms	36.99 ms	8.84 ms	15.75 ms	1.33 ms	12.66 ms	2.6x slower
Write (Large)	zerodep_sqlite_batched	sqlitedict	24.25 ms	564.07 ms	41.2	1.8	15.86 ms	241.64 ms	29.47 ms	36.99 ms	524.58 ms	597.42 ms	28.29 ms	597.42 ms	23.3x faster
Write (Small)	zerodep_json	shelve	303.2 µs	480.4 µs	3.3K	2.1K	283.2 µs	1.80 ms	44.6 µs	346.3 µs	447.8 µs	522.7 µs	27.0 µs	522.7 µs	1.6x faster
Write (Small)	zerodep_json	sqlitedict	303.2 µs	14.08 ms	3.3K	71.0	283.2 µs	1.80 ms	44.6 µs	346.3 µs	13.57 ms	17.18 ms	884.3 µs	16.65 ms	46.4x faster
Write (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	shelve	21.28 ms	480.4 µs	47.0	2.1K	3.90 ms	138.40 ms	39.73 ms	138.40 ms	447.8 µs	522.7 µs	27.0 µs	522.7 µs	44.3x slower
Write (Small)	zerodep_sqlite	sqlitedict	21.28 ms	14.08 ms	47.0	71.0	3.90 ms	138.40 ms	39.73 ms	138.40 ms	13.57 ms	17.18 ms	884.3 µs	16.65 ms	1.5x slower
Write (Small)	zerodep_sqlite_batched	shelve	7.10 ms	480.4 µs	140.9	2.1K	2.54 ms	233.25 ms	23.01 ms	11.72 ms	447.8 µs	522.7 µs	27.0 µs	522.7 µs	14.8x slower
Write (Small)	zerodep_sqlite_batched	sqlitedict	7.10 ms	14.08 ms	140.9	71.0	2.54 ms	233.25 ms	23.01 ms	11.72 ms	13.57 ms	17.18 ms	884.3 µs	16.65 ms	2.0x faster

png↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Decode Bmp Medium RGB	zerodep	pillow	463.1 µs	69.4 µs	2.2K	14.4K	451.3 µs	888.2 µs	14.5 µs	471.3 µs	66.8 µs	133.0 µs	3.2 µs	76.5 µs	6.7x slower
Decode Large RGBA	zerodep	pillow	398.14 ms	18.31 ms	2.5	54.6	397.48 ms	398.77 ms	521.7 µs	398.77 ms	18.06 ms	21.04 ms	603.5 µs	19.97 ms	21.7x slower
Decode Medium Gray	zerodep	pillow	4.88 ms	223.2 µs	205.1	4.5K	4.78 ms	5.02 ms	39.4 µs	4.94 ms	218.1 µs	305.4 µs	5.2 µs	230.9 µs	21.8x slower
Decode Medium RGB	zerodep	pillow	18.89 ms	784.5 µs	52.9	1.3K	18.73 ms	19.05 ms	62.2 µs	19.01 ms	765.1 µs	905.6 µs	11.6 µs	802.1 µs	24.1x slower
Decode Medium RGBA	zerodep	pillow	22.09 ms	972.6 µs	45.3	1.0K	21.84 ms	22.32 ms	111.3 µs	22.25 ms	951.9 µs	1.06 ms	9.5 µs	989.9 µs	22.7x slower
Decode Small RGBA	zerodep	pillow	1.26 ms	38.2 µs	791.2	26.2K	1.23 ms	1.34 ms	16.1 µs	1.29 ms	36.8 µs	86.9 µs	2.5 µs	42.2 µs	33.1x slower
Encode Bmp Medium RGB	zerodep	pillow	429.6 µs	62.2 µs	2.3K	16.1K	420.0 µs	643.1 µs	9.4 µs	437.6 µs	59.3 µs	176.5 µs	4.4 µs	69.4 µs	6.9x slower
Encode Large RGBA	zerodep	pillow	3.096 s	149.05 ms	0.3	6.7	3.088 s	3.100 s	5.19 ms	3.100 s	148.89 ms	149.53 ms	219.8 µs	149.53 ms	20.8x slower
Encode Medium RGBA	zerodep	pillow	191.73 ms	9.13 ms	5.2	109.5	191.13 ms	192.12 ms	365.9 µs	192.12 ms	9.09 ms	9.31 ms	36.5 µs	9.18 ms	21.0x slower
Encode Small RGBA	zerodep	pillow	11.29 ms	230.2 µs	88.6	4.3K	11.17 ms	13.51 ms	246.3 µs	11.37 ms	185.8 µs	488.9 µs	38.7 µs	298.2 µs	49.0x slower
Matrix Round Trip	zerodep_encode	pillow_encode	69.16 ms	2.13 ms	14.5	470.4	68.77 ms	69.62 ms	254.3 µs	69.62 ms	2.11 ms	2.22 ms	10.5 µs	2.14 ms	32.5x slower
Matrix Round Trip	zerodep_encode	pillow_decode	69.16 ms	184.0 µs	14.5	5.4K	68.77 ms	69.62 ms	254.3 µs	69.62 ms	178.3 µs	280.7 µs	6.1 µs	193.8 µs	375.8x slower
Matrix Round Trip	zerodep_decode	pillow_encode	13.46 ms	2.13 ms	74.3	470.4	13.21 ms	13.89 ms	125.3 µs	13.65 ms	2.11 ms	2.22 ms	10.5 µs	2.14 ms	6.3x slower
Matrix Round Trip	zerodep_decode	pillow_decode	13.46 ms	184.0 µs	74.3	5.4K	13.21 ms	13.89 ms	125.3 µs	13.65 ms	178.3 µs	280.7 µs	6.1 µs	193.8 µs	73.2x slower

protobuf↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Decode Comparison	zerodep_large	google (protobuf)	250.7 µs	3.4 µs	4.0K	293.9K	244.5 µs	317.6 µs	5.8 µs	258.6 µs	3.3 µs	68.1 µs	825.1 ns	3.4 µs	73.7x slower
Decode Comparison	zerodep_medium	google (protobuf)	36.5 µs	1.0 µs	27.4K	988.4K	34.9 µs	81.7 µs	1.9 µs	38.5 µs	951.0 ns	69.8 µs	487.5 ns	1.0 µs	36.1x slower
Decode Comparison	zerodep_small	google (protobuf)	3.6 µs	527.3 ns	274.3K	1.90M	3.4 µs	27.5 µs	485.3 ns	3.7 µs	480.0 ns	202.0 µs	606.0 ns	541.0 ns	6.9x slower
Encode Comparison	zerodep_large	google (protobuf)	96.4 µs	1.8 µs	10.4K	552.0K	92.8 µs	299.5 µs	8.2 µs	102.9 µs	1.7 µs	42.9 µs	356.8 ns	1.8 µs	53.2x slower
Encode Comparison	zerodep_medium	google (protobuf)	15.6 µs	252.9 ns	64.1K	3.95M	14.9 µs	69.0 µs	1.2 µs	15.9 µs	241.3 ns	7.2 µs	86.4 ns	250.4 ns	61.7x slower
Encode Comparison	zerodep_small	google (protobuf)	1.6 µs	140.1 ns	644.8K	7.14M	1.4 µs	34.0 µs	390.0 ns	1.6 µs	136.9 ns	1.6 µs	17.2 ns	141.1 ns	11.1x slower
Roundtrip Comparison	zerodep_large	google (protobuf)	344.6 µs	5.3 µs	2.9K	190.0K	333.9 µs	5.58 ms	109.6 µs	350.7 µs	5.0 µs	72.0 µs	1.1 µs	5.3 µs	65.5x slower
Roundtrip Comparison	zerodep_medium	google (protobuf)	52.6 µs	1.4 µs	19.0K	699.8K	50.7 µs	96.8 µs	2.2 µs	58.1 µs	1.3 µs	161.8 µs	1.5 µs	1.4 µs	36.8x slower
Roundtrip Comparison	zerodep_small	google (protobuf)	5.3 µs	762.1 ns	186.9K	1.31M	5.0 µs	57.6 µs	755.2 ns	5.4 µs	701.0 ns	90.7 µs	544.4 ns	772.0 ns	7.0x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[100items]	google (protobuf)	33.3 µs	892.4 ns	30.0K	1.12M	31.6 µs	187.3 µs	2.1 µs	34.7 µs	852.8 ns	22.3 µs	215.7 ns	891.3 ns	37.3x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[10items]	google (protobuf)	8.1 µs	611.7 ns	123.1K	1.63M	7.7 µs	41.4 µs	774.0 ns	8.3 µs	560.0 ns	139.6 µs	480.5 ns	631.0 ns	13.3x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[10Kitems]	google (protobuf)	4.37 ms	54.2 µs	228.7	18.5K	4.28 ms	4.73 ms	51.1 µs	4.43 ms	53.2 µs	170.2 µs	3.8 µs	60.2 µs	80.7x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[1Kitems]	google (protobuf)	419.0 µs	5.9 µs	2.4K	169.4K	403.3 µs	496.6 µs	7.1 µs	427.0 µs	5.7 µs	100.1 µs	1.1 µs	5.9 µs	71.0x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[500items]	google (protobuf)	202.9 µs	3.3 µs	4.9K	305.5K	195.2 µs	328.9 µs	8.9 µs	212.2 µs	3.1 µs	155.0 µs	1.3 µs	3.2 µs	62.0x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[50items]	google (protobuf)	19.0 µs	689.0 ns	52.7K	1.45M	17.9 µs	56.8 µs	1.3 µs	19.5 µs	648.0 ns	5.4 µs	79.5 ns	699.1 ns	27.5x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[50Kitems]	google (protobuf)	27.35 ms	279.1 µs	36.6	3.6K	27.14 ms	27.61 ms	109.8 µs	27.55 ms	267.4 µs	493.1 µs	13.6 µs	290.6 µs	98.0x slower
Scale Curve	decode_zerodep[5Kitems]	google (protobuf)	2.20 ms	27.5 µs	454.8	36.4K	2.12 ms	3.65 ms	139.6 µs	2.29 ms	26.8 µs	235.7 µs	2.9 µs	27.7 µs	80.0x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[100items]	google (protobuf)	14.3 µs	226.5 ns	70.0K	4.42M	13.7 µs	65.0 µs	1.2 µs	14.5 µs	219.4 ns	3.0 µs	28.7 ns	227.6 ns	63.1x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[10items]	google (protobuf)	4.4 µs	171.3 ns	229.2K	5.84M	4.1 µs	48.0 µs	790.7 ns	4.4 µs	166.1 ns	2.5 µs	22.2 ns	172.3 ns	25.5x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[10Kitems]	google (protobuf)	1.64 ms	63.9 µs	610.5	15.6K	1.61 ms	2.02 ms	23.8 µs	1.66 ms	63.2 µs	121.4 µs	2.3 µs	70.3 µs	25.6x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[1Kitems]	google (protobuf)	160.8 µs	6.0 µs	6.2K	165.5K	156.3 µs	333.1 µs	5.5 µs	167.8 µs	5.9 µs	114.6 µs	1.1 µs	6.0 µs	26.6x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[500items]	google (protobuf)	78.7 µs	2.8 µs	12.7K	356.2K	76.3 µs	139.2 µs	3.4 µs	85.0 µs	2.7 µs	58.6 µs	474.3 ns	2.8 µs	28.0x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[50items]	google (protobuf)	8.8 µs	190.7 ns	113.4K	5.24M	8.3 µs	135.1 µs	1.0 µs	9.0 µs	184.9 ns	1.5 µs	14.7 ns	194.3 ns	46.2x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[50Kitems]	google (protobuf)	11.25 ms	346.0 µs	88.9	2.9K	11.19 ms	11.56 ms	58.5 µs	11.32 ms	341.5 µs	403.7 µs	5.8 µs	353.4 µs	32.5x slower
Scale Curve	encode_zerodep[5Kitems]	google (protobuf)	814.0 µs	33.1 µs	1.2K	30.3K	796.4 µs	949.4 µs	10.3 µs	826.2 µs	31.4 µs	309.2 µs	8.1 µs	38.6 µs	24.6x slower

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[100items]	48.9 µs	20.4K	47.1 µs	93.7 µs	2.1 µs	54.3 µs
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[10items]	12.7 µs	78.9K	12.1 µs	36.1 µs	922.7 ns	12.9 µs
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[10Kitems]	5.99 ms	166.9	5.92 ms	6.41 ms	47.6 µs	6.06 ms
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[1Kitems]	579.3 µs	1.7K	563.3 µs	807.4 µs	13.0 µs	589.7 µs
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[500items]	281.9 µs	3.5K	272.6 µs	634.7 µs	14.7 µs	289.9 µs
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[50items]	28.4 µs	35.2K	27.1 µs	86.6 µs	1.6 µs	29.2 µs
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[50Kitems]	38.03 ms	26.3	37.71 ms	38.42 ms	156.2 µs	38.27 ms
Scale Curve	roundtrip_zerodep[5Kitems]	2.98 ms	335.9	2.94 ms	3.17 ms	21.8 µs	3.01 ms
test_decode_large	decode_large	246.7 µs	4.1K	240.9 µs	400.6 µs	6.2 µs	254.0 µs
test_decode_medium	decode_medium	36.3 µs	27.6K	34.5 µs	111.9 µs	1.9 µs	38.0 µs
test_decode_small	decode_small	3.6 µs	278.5K	3.4 µs	39.7 µs	484.6 ns	3.7 µs
test_encode_large	encode_large	94.5 µs	10.6K	91.6 µs	170.0 µs	3.9 µs	101.3 µs
test_encode_medium	encode_medium	15.5 µs	64.4K	14.6 µs	107.7 µs	1.3 µs	15.8 µs
test_encode_small	encode_small	1.6 µs	643.4K	1.4 µs	31.4 µs	452.4 ns	1.6 µs
test_from_dict_large	from_dict_large	126.9 µs	7.9K	123.6 µs	205.4 µs	4.5 µs	133.7 µs
test_roundtrip_large	roundtrip_large	343.5 µs	2.9K	334.5 µs	502.4 µs	11.7 µs	352.7 µs
test_roundtrip_medium	roundtrip_medium	52.1 µs	19.2K	50.1 µs	125.5 µs	2.5 µs	57.7 µs
test_roundtrip_small	roundtrip_small	5.3 µs	188.6K	5.0 µs	34.4 µs	637.4 ns	5.4 µs
test_to_dict_large	to_dict_large	78.4 µs	12.8K	73.5 µs	348.6 µs	12.2 µs	94.2 µs

qr↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Encode Binary	zerodep	qrcode	27.81 ms	35.15 ms	36.0	28.5	27.55 ms	28.44 ms	162.1 µs	28.15 ms	34.84 ms	36.60 ms	329.7 µs	35.48 ms	1.3x faster
Encode High Ecc	zerodep	qrcode	5.17 ms	5.01 ms	193.4	199.6	5.10 ms	5.38 ms	34.2 µs	5.23 ms	4.97 ms	5.09 ms	20.6 µs	5.05 ms	~equal
Encode Large Data	zerodep	qrcode	28.11 ms	38.24 ms	35.6	26.2	27.67 ms	32.20 ms	738.1 µs	28.53 ms	38.07 ms	38.46 ms	102.5 µs	38.39 ms	1.4x faster
Encode Long	zerodep	qrcode	8.73 ms	9.55 ms	114.5	104.8	8.64 ms	9.08 ms	65.5 µs	8.84 ms	9.46 ms	10.03 ms	63.5 µs	9.61 ms	1.1x faster
Encode Numeric	zerodep	qrcode	3.41 ms	3.23 ms	293.0	309.8	3.35 ms	3.89 ms	37.6 µs	3.46 ms	3.18 ms	3.35 ms	23.2 µs	3.27 ms	1.1x slower
Encode Short	zerodep	qrcode	1.86 ms	1.41 ms	537.9	706.9	1.82 ms	1.99 ms	15.7 µs	1.88 ms	1.40 ms	1.51 ms	12.5 µs	1.44 ms	1.3x slower
Encode URL	zerodep	qrcode	4.28 ms	4.10 ms	233.4	243.6	4.21 ms	6.33 ms	170.7 µs	4.32 ms	4.04 ms	6.13 ms	172.2 µs	4.14 ms	~equal

readability↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Large	zerodep	readability-lxml	24.41 ms	19.77 ms	41.0	50.6	23.50 ms	25.34 ms	542.5 µs	25.25 ms	19.35 ms	20.36 ms	212.3 µs	20.28 ms	1.2x slower
Large	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	24.41 ms	564.13 ms	41.0	1.8	23.50 ms	25.34 ms	542.5 µs	25.25 ms	542.24 ms	584.37 ms	17.71 ms	584.37 ms	23.1x faster
Medium	zerodep	readability-lxml	2.03 ms	2.56 ms	493.5	390.0	1.93 ms	2.54 ms	84.1 µs	2.12 ms	2.47 ms	3.10 ms	68.3 µs	2.63 ms	1.3x faster
Medium	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	2.03 ms	20.27 ms	493.5	49.3	1.93 ms	2.54 ms	84.1 µs	2.12 ms	13.94 ms	36.34 ms	4.85 ms	30.02 ms	10.0x faster
Small	zerodep	readability-lxml	181.4 µs	456.1 µs	5.5K	2.2K	166.1 µs	2.73 ms	69.7 µs	221.2 µs	430.3 µs	606.3 µs	16.2 µs	477.3 µs	2.5x faster
Small	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	181.4 µs	12.06 ms	5.5K	82.9	166.1 µs	2.73 ms	69.7 µs	221.2 µs	9.57 ms	14.95 ms	2.08 ms	14.95 ms	66.5x faster
Synthetic (Large)	zerodep	readability-lxml	3.97 ms	10.30 ms	252.2	97.0	3.81 ms	5.10 ms	206.7 µs	4.55 ms	9.70 ms	10.80 ms	272.6 µs	10.65 ms	2.6x faster
Synthetic (Large)	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	3.97 ms	36.96 ms	252.2	27.1	3.81 ms	5.10 ms	206.7 µs	4.55 ms	34.63 ms	39.14 ms	1.07 ms	38.44 ms	9.3x faster
Synthetic (Medium)	zerodep	readability-lxml	785.4 µs	1.82 ms	1.3K	549.4	739.6 µs	1.36 ms	56.1 µs	848.8 µs	1.75 ms	2.31 ms	45.4 µs	1.87 ms	2.3x faster
Synthetic (Medium)	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	785.4 µs	10.61 ms	1.3K	94.3	739.6 µs	1.36 ms	56.1 µs	848.8 µs	8.23 ms	13.74 ms	1.73 ms	12.88 ms	13.5x faster
Synthetic (Small)	zerodep	readability-lxml	290.0 µs	528.0 µs	3.4K	1.9K	267.4 µs	823.1 µs	28.7 µs	356.9 µs	500.1 µs	775.7 µs	17.8 µs	551.9 µs	1.8x faster
Synthetic (Small)	zerodep	Mozilla Readability.js	290.0 µs	6.97 ms	3.4K	143.4	267.4 µs	823.1 µs	28.7 µs	356.9 µs	5.19 ms	15.43 ms	2.20 ms	10.25 ms	24.0x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Is Probably Readable	zerodep	1.09 ms	916.5	1.01 ms	1.94 ms	137.4 µs	1.15 ms

retry↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Backoff Calculation	zerodep	tenacity	4.2 µs	11.1 µs	240.6K	89.8K	3.9 µs	50.4 µs	612.7 ns	4.3 µs	10.6 µs	67.0 µs	1.0 µs	11.3 µs	2.7x faster
Decorator Overhead	zerodep	tenacity	393.3 ns	14.2 µs	2.54M	70.5K	364.6 ns	2.0 µs	30.5 ns	401.6 ns	12.2 µs	533.6 µs	10.7 µs	14.4 µs	36.1x faster
Retry With Failures	zerodep	tenacity	123.9 µs	160.4 µs	8.1K	6.2K	73.7 µs	991.2 µs	14.9 µs	131.8 µs	107.9 µs	352.5 µs	13.4 µs	173.5 µs	1.3x faster

runner↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Env Passing	zerodep	sh	9.96 ms	63.66 ms	100.4	15.7	9.62 ms	10.47 ms	180.5 µs	10.25 ms	61.76 ms	66.38 ms	1.28 ms	66.38 ms	6.4x faster
Env Passing	zerodep	subprocess	9.96 ms	9.80 ms	100.4	102.0	9.62 ms	10.47 ms	180.5 µs	10.25 ms	9.39 ms	10.27 ms	150.2 µs	10.08 ms	~equal
Output Capture	zerodep	sh	9.71 ms	63.29 ms	103.0	15.8	9.35 ms	10.06 ms	127.0 µs	9.88 ms	60.78 ms	65.03 ms	1.24 ms	65.03 ms	6.5x faster
Output Capture	zerodep	subprocess	9.71 ms	9.73 ms	103.0	102.8	9.35 ms	10.06 ms	127.0 µs	9.88 ms	9.31 ms	10.62 ms	172.1 µs	10.00 ms	~equal
Simple Command	zerodep	sh	1.87 ms	53.01 ms	534.2	18.9	1.80 ms	2.04 ms	31.2 µs	1.92 ms	51.06 ms	55.18 ms	1.25 ms	55.18 ms	28.3x faster
Simple Command	zerodep	subprocess	1.87 ms	783.4 µs	534.2	1.3K	1.80 ms	2.04 ms	31.2 µs	1.92 ms	744.3 µs	1.39 ms	40.0 µs	871.0 µs	2.4x slower
Stdin Input	zerodep	sh	9.80 ms	63.58 ms	102.1	15.7	9.42 ms	10.44 ms	198.9 µs	10.18 ms	61.41 ms	65.51 ms	988.2 µs	65.51 ms	6.5x faster
Stdin Input	zerodep	subprocess	9.80 ms	9.86 ms	102.1	101.4	9.42 ms	10.44 ms	198.9 µs	10.18 ms	9.39 ms	10.68 ms	244.6 µs	10.33 ms	~equal
Streaming Lines	zerodep	sh	9.91 ms	63.94 ms	100.9	15.6	9.41 ms	11.25 ms	333.5 µs	10.63 ms	62.77 ms	66.12 ms	1.03 ms	66.12 ms	6.5x faster
Streaming Lines	zerodep	subprocess	9.91 ms	9.80 ms	100.9	102.0	9.41 ms	11.25 ms	333.5 µs	10.63 ms	9.36 ms	11.60 ms	282.4 µs	10.26 ms	~equal

scheduler↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Batch Next Fire Time	zerodep	croniter	539.3 µs	3.05 ms	1.9K	328.4	524.1 µs	721.6 µs	9.1 µs	547.5 µs	3.00 ms	3.24 ms	29.2 µs	3.10 ms	5.6x faster
Batch Next Fire Time	zerodep	APScheduler	539.3 µs	749.0 µs	1.9K	1.3K	524.1 µs	721.6 µs	9.1 µs	547.5 µs	734.1 µs	1.02 ms	11.2 µs	756.1 µs	1.4x faster
Cron Parsing	zerodep	croniter	33.3 µs	240.2 µs	30.0K	4.2K	32.2 µs	92.2 µs	1.8 µs	34.4 µs	234.3 µs	455.2 µs	8.9 µs	248.5 µs	7.2x faster
Cron Parsing	zerodep	APScheduler	33.3 µs	133.9 µs	30.0K	7.5K	32.2 µs	92.2 µs	1.8 µs	34.4 µs	128.8 µs	152.6 µs	3.6 µs	140.8 µs	4.0x faster
Job Add Overhead	zerodep	schedule	408.0 µs	521.4 µs	2.5K	1.9K	399.7 µs	470.0 µs	7.0 µs	416.4 µs	274.7 µs	340.84 ms	7.02 ms	914.9 µs	1.3x faster
Next Fire Time	zerodep	croniter	42.0 µs	410.6 µs	23.8K	2.4K	40.0 µs	80.4 µs	1.9 µs	43.7 µs	393.4 µs	889.0 µs	34.8 µs	427.8 µs	9.8x faster
Next Fire Time	zerodep	APScheduler	42.0 µs	99.0 µs	23.8K	10.1K	40.0 µs	80.4 µs	1.9 µs	43.7 µs	95.5 µs	159.2 µs	3.3 µs	105.5 µs	2.4x faster

semver↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Compare	zerodep	packaging	2.7 µs	2.9 µs	373.7K	340.6K	2.5 µs	47.7 µs	468.8 ns	2.7 µs	2.8 µs	35.5 µs	465.2 ns	3.0 µs	1.1x faster
Parse Complex	zerodep	packaging	16.9 µs	16.7 µs	59.0K	59.9K	16.4 µs	61.9 µs	1.2 µs	17.3 µs	16.1 µs	63.3 µs	1.2 µs	17.1 µs	~equal
Parse Prerelease	zerodep	packaging	15.2 µs	15.7 µs	65.7K	63.9K	14.7 µs	115.6 µs	1.3 µs	15.6 µs	15.1 µs	54.9 µs	1.2 µs	16.0 µs	~equal
Parse Simple	zerodep	packaging	10.2 µs	4.5 µs	98.3K	222.3K	9.8 µs	37.4 µs	910.8 ns	10.3 µs	4.2 µs	286.8 µs	1.2 µs	4.5 µs	2.3x slower
Property Access	zerodep	packaging	897.9 ns	6.7 µs	1.11M	149.4K	821.0 ns	12.2 µs	222.2 ns	951.0 ns	6.4 µs	48.2 µs	718.8 ns	6.8 µs	7.5x faster
Sort	zerodep	packaging	1.3 µs	1.5 µs	750.4K	669.1K	1.3 µs	33.5 µs	301.7 ns	1.4 µs	1.4 µs	17.6 µs	325.6 ns	1.5 µs	1.1x faster

soup↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Fixture Parse Blog Post	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	2.25 ms	6.53 ms	445.4	153.2	2.05 ms	3.94 ms	346.7 µs	3.12 ms	5.01 ms	109.90 ms	10.99 ms	6.29 ms	2.9x faster
Fixture Parse Docs Page	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	3.56 ms	9.81 ms	280.6	101.9	2.99 ms	108.68 ms	6.06 ms	3.98 ms	7.50 ms	121.68 ms	14.32 ms	8.67 ms	2.8x faster
Fixture Parse Ecommerce	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	5.05 ms	14.31 ms	197.9	69.9	4.14 ms	110.02 ms	7.81 ms	5.30 ms	10.25 ms	119.12 ms	18.93 ms	11.94 ms	2.8x faster
Fixture Select Docs Page	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	4.64 ms	15.80 ms	215.6	63.3	3.79 ms	119.50 ms	8.34 ms	4.87 ms	13.62 ms	124.10 ms	13.14 ms	15.09 ms	3.4x faster
Fixture Select Ecommerce	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	6.14 ms	22.95 ms	162.9	43.6	5.20 ms	111.68 ms	7.96 ms	6.41 ms	18.27 ms	124.20 ms	20.26 ms	20.02 ms	3.7x faster
Fixture Serialize Blog Post	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	2.54 ms	8.49 ms	393.8	117.7	2.13 ms	107.19 ms	5.13 ms	3.17 ms	7.30 ms	115.35 ms	9.46 ms	8.61 ms	3.3x faster
Fixture Serialize Ecommerce	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	5.24 ms	19.29 ms	190.7	51.8	4.36 ms	115.75 ms	7.82 ms	5.54 ms	15.23 ms	130.05 ms	19.44 ms	16.47 ms	3.7x faster
Large	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	22.33 ms	45.31 ms	44.8	22.1	14.11 ms	119.70 ms	27.18 ms	111.35 ms	31.08 ms	136.83 ms	35.22 ms	136.51 ms	2.0x faster
Medium	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	1.57 ms	3.96 ms	638.3	252.7	1.45 ms	2.46 ms	216.1 µs	2.29 ms	3.22 ms	115.20 ms	7.51 ms	4.33 ms	2.5x faster
Pseudo Select (Large)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	89.96 ms	83.42 ms	11.1	12.0	80.40 ms	183.78 ms	29.55 ms	183.78 ms	68.38 ms	180.45 ms	38.35 ms	180.45 ms	1.1x slower
Pseudo Select (Medium)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	2.84 ms	7.31 ms	352.7	136.9	2.65 ms	4.88 ms	299.1 µs	3.65 ms	6.97 ms	8.60 ms	440.6 µs	8.42 ms	2.6x faster
Pseudo Select (Small)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	287.5 µs	984.0 µs	3.5K	1.0K	269.1 µs	609.0 µs	25.8 µs	348.3 µs	933.9 µs	1.40 ms	65.2 µs	1.08 ms	3.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5nodes]	178.5 µs	445.4 µs	5.6K	2.2K	160.2 µs	423.3 µs	26.1 µs	240.8 µs	398.5 µs	830.9 µs	58.3 µs	532.3 µs	2.5x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5nodes]	serialize_bs4[5nodes]	178.5 µs	609.8 µs	5.6K	1.6K	160.2 µs	423.3 µs	26.1 µs	240.8 µs	559.5 µs	992.4 µs	60.8 µs	693.9 µs	3.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5nodes]	css_select_bs4[5nodes]	178.5 µs	937.6 µs	5.6K	1.1K	160.2 µs	423.3 µs	26.1 µs	240.8 µs	702.4 µs	180.73 ms	5.78 ms	827.1 µs	5.3x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25nodes]	776.7 µs	2.23 ms	1.3K	449.3	717.9 µs	1.30 ms	84.2 µs	818.5 µs	1.65 ms	216.25 ms	9.45 ms	2.78 ms	2.9x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25nodes]	serialize_bs4[25nodes]	776.7 µs	2.52 ms	1.3K	397.5	717.9 µs	1.30 ms	84.2 µs	818.5 µs	2.36 ms	4.18 ms	303.5 µs	3.49 ms	3.2x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25nodes]	css_select_bs4[25nodes]	776.7 µs	3.04 ms	1.3K	329.4	717.9 µs	1.30 ms	84.2 µs	818.5 µs	2.86 ms	4.39 ms	333.9 µs	4.13 ms	3.9x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[50nodes]	parse_find_bs4[50nodes]	1.71 ms	3.85 ms	583.2	260.0	1.42 ms	108.50 ms	4.35 ms	2.27 ms	3.20 ms	111.38 ms	6.38 ms	4.45 ms	2.2x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[50nodes]	serialize_bs4[50nodes]	1.71 ms	4.93 ms	583.2	202.8	1.42 ms	108.50 ms	4.35 ms	2.27 ms	4.64 ms	6.32 ms	418.5 µs	5.92 ms	2.9x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[50nodes]	css_select_bs4[50nodes]	1.71 ms	5.88 ms	583.2	170.1	1.42 ms	108.50 ms	4.35 ms	2.27 ms	5.59 ms	7.37 ms	447.3 µs	7.00 ms	3.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[250nodes]	parse_find_bs4[250nodes]	9.62 ms	23.95 ms	103.9	41.8	6.99 ms	107.97 ms	14.86 ms	7.96 ms	15.57 ms	132.74 ms	28.74 ms	128.16 ms	2.5x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[250nodes]	serialize_bs4[250nodes]	9.62 ms	34.28 ms	103.9	29.2	6.99 ms	107.97 ms	14.86 ms	7.96 ms	22.42 ms	268.09 ms	43.98 ms	132.20 ms	3.6x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[250nodes]	css_select_bs4[250nodes]	9.62 ms	37.17 ms	103.9	26.9	6.99 ms	107.97 ms	14.86 ms	7.96 ms	27.13 ms	145.84 ms	31.70 ms	138.29 ms	3.9x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[500nodes]	21.04 ms	47.71 ms	47.5	21.0	14.03 ms	120.92 ms	25.52 ms	114.70 ms	32.39 ms	153.22 ms	39.25 ms	147.70 ms	2.3x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[500nodes]	serialize_bs4[500nodes]	21.04 ms	62.76 ms	47.5	15.9	14.03 ms	120.92 ms	25.52 ms	114.70 ms	45.24 ms	165.35 ms	42.17 ms	163.05 ms	3.0x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[500nodes]	css_select_bs4[500nodes]	21.04 ms	74.70 ms	47.5	13.4	14.03 ms	120.92 ms	25.52 ms	114.70 ms	54.74 ms	173.76 ms	44.40 ms	173.76 ms	3.5x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[2500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[2500nodes]	109.53 ms	233.20 ms	9.1	4.3	72.43 ms	183.93 ms	55.60 ms	183.93 ms	163.28 ms	283.81 ms	63.31 ms	283.81 ms	2.1x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[2500nodes]	serialize_bs4[2500nodes]	109.53 ms	308.06 ms	9.1	3.2	72.43 ms	183.93 ms	55.60 ms	183.93 ms	226.48 ms	386.74 ms	75.04 ms	386.74 ms	2.8x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[2500nodes]	css_select_bs4[2500nodes]	109.53 ms	380.78 ms	9.1	2.6	72.43 ms	183.93 ms	55.60 ms	183.93 ms	286.09 ms	421.46 ms	53.98 ms	421.46 ms	3.5x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5000nodes]	211.32 ms	499.09 ms	4.7	2.0	145.68 ms	260.91 ms	59.46 ms	260.91 ms	449.25 ms	561.10 ms	54.30 ms	561.10 ms	2.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5000nodes]	serialize_bs4[5000nodes]	211.32 ms	631.89 ms	4.7	1.6	145.68 ms	260.91 ms	59.46 ms	260.91 ms	581.19 ms	694.05 ms	56.87 ms	694.05 ms	3.0x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[5000nodes]	css_select_bs4[5000nodes]	211.32 ms	726.24 ms	4.7	1.4	145.68 ms	260.91 ms	59.46 ms	260.91 ms	694.63 ms	812.87 ms	48.99 ms	812.87 ms	3.4x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25000nodes]	1.155 s	2.456 s	0.9	0.4	1.030 s	1.245 s	91.43 ms	1.245 s	2.364 s	2.624 s	109.24 ms	2.624 s	2.1x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25000nodes]	serialize_bs4[25000nodes]	1.155 s	3.126 s	0.9	0.3	1.030 s	1.245 s	91.43 ms	1.245 s	3.021 s	3.286 s	109.10 ms	3.286 s	2.7x faster
Scale Curve	parse_find_zerodep[25000nodes]	css_select_bs4[25000nodes]	1.155 s	3.710 s	0.9	0.3	1.030 s	1.245 s	91.43 ms	1.245 s	3.662 s	3.805 s	57.30 ms	3.805 s	3.2x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5nodes]	187.7 µs	445.4 µs	5.3K	2.2K	173.1 µs	469.3 µs	24.8 µs	249.1 µs	398.5 µs	830.9 µs	58.3 µs	532.3 µs	2.4x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5nodes]	serialize_bs4[5nodes]	187.7 µs	609.8 µs	5.3K	1.6K	173.1 µs	469.3 µs	24.8 µs	249.1 µs	559.5 µs	992.4 µs	60.8 µs	693.9 µs	3.2x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5nodes]	css_select_bs4[5nodes]	187.7 µs	937.6 µs	5.3K	1.1K	173.1 µs	469.3 µs	24.8 µs	249.1 µs	702.4 µs	180.73 ms	5.78 ms	827.1 µs	5.0x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25nodes]	827.1 µs	2.23 ms	1.2K	449.3	772.1 µs	1.37 ms	81.9 µs	869.5 µs	1.65 ms	216.25 ms	9.45 ms	2.78 ms	2.7x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25nodes]	serialize_bs4[25nodes]	827.1 µs	2.52 ms	1.2K	397.5	772.1 µs	1.37 ms	81.9 µs	869.5 µs	2.36 ms	4.18 ms	303.5 µs	3.49 ms	3.0x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25nodes]	css_select_bs4[25nodes]	827.1 µs	3.04 ms	1.2K	329.4	772.1 µs	1.37 ms	81.9 µs	869.5 µs	2.86 ms	4.39 ms	333.9 µs	4.13 ms	3.7x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[50nodes]	parse_find_bs4[50nodes]	1.62 ms	3.85 ms	618.5	260.0	1.50 ms	2.53 ms	223.4 µs	2.36 ms	3.20 ms	111.38 ms	6.38 ms	4.45 ms	2.4x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[50nodes]	serialize_bs4[50nodes]	1.62 ms	4.93 ms	618.5	202.8	1.50 ms	2.53 ms	223.4 µs	2.36 ms	4.64 ms	6.32 ms	418.5 µs	5.92 ms	3.1x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[50nodes]	css_select_bs4[50nodes]	1.62 ms	5.88 ms	618.5	170.1	1.50 ms	2.53 ms	223.4 µs	2.36 ms	5.59 ms	7.37 ms	447.3 µs	7.00 ms	3.6x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[250nodes]	parse_find_bs4[250nodes]	7.73 ms	23.95 ms	129.3	41.8	7.24 ms	8.34 ms	267.1 µs	8.13 ms	15.57 ms	132.74 ms	28.74 ms	128.16 ms	3.1x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[250nodes]	serialize_bs4[250nodes]	7.73 ms	34.28 ms	129.3	29.2	7.24 ms	8.34 ms	267.1 µs	8.13 ms	22.42 ms	268.09 ms	43.98 ms	132.20 ms	4.4x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[250nodes]	css_select_bs4[250nodes]	7.73 ms	37.17 ms	129.3	26.9	7.24 ms	8.34 ms	267.1 µs	8.13 ms	27.13 ms	145.84 ms	31.70 ms	138.29 ms	4.8x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[500nodes]	27.98 ms	47.71 ms	35.7	21.0	14.55 ms	387.58 ms	53.25 ms	123.28 ms	32.39 ms	153.22 ms	39.25 ms	147.70 ms	1.7x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[500nodes]	serialize_bs4[500nodes]	27.98 ms	62.76 ms	35.7	15.9	14.55 ms	387.58 ms	53.25 ms	123.28 ms	45.24 ms	165.35 ms	42.17 ms	163.05 ms	2.2x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[500nodes]	css_select_bs4[500nodes]	27.98 ms	74.70 ms	35.7	13.4	14.55 ms	387.58 ms	53.25 ms	123.28 ms	54.74 ms	173.76 ms	44.40 ms	173.76 ms	2.7x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[2500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[2500nodes]	117.51 ms	233.20 ms	8.5	4.3	73.88 ms	191.04 ms	55.67 ms	191.04 ms	163.28 ms	283.81 ms	63.31 ms	283.81 ms	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[2500nodes]	serialize_bs4[2500nodes]	117.51 ms	308.06 ms	8.5	3.2	73.88 ms	191.04 ms	55.67 ms	191.04 ms	226.48 ms	386.74 ms	75.04 ms	386.74 ms	2.6x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[2500nodes]	css_select_bs4[2500nodes]	117.51 ms	380.78 ms	8.5	2.6	73.88 ms	191.04 ms	55.67 ms	191.04 ms	286.09 ms	421.46 ms	53.98 ms	421.46 ms	3.2x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5000nodes]	219.03 ms	499.09 ms	4.6	2.0	151.56 ms	273.14 ms	60.90 ms	273.14 ms	449.25 ms	561.10 ms	54.30 ms	561.10 ms	2.3x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5000nodes]	serialize_bs4[5000nodes]	219.03 ms	631.89 ms	4.6	1.6	151.56 ms	273.14 ms	60.90 ms	273.14 ms	581.19 ms	694.05 ms	56.87 ms	694.05 ms	2.9x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[5000nodes]	css_select_bs4[5000nodes]	219.03 ms	726.24 ms	4.6	1.4	151.56 ms	273.14 ms	60.90 ms	273.14 ms	694.63 ms	812.87 ms	48.99 ms	812.87 ms	3.3x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25000nodes]	1.202 s	2.456 s	0.8	0.4	1.117 s	1.320 s	73.42 ms	1.320 s	2.364 s	2.624 s	109.24 ms	2.624 s	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25000nodes]	serialize_bs4[25000nodes]	1.202 s	3.126 s	0.8	0.3	1.117 s	1.320 s	73.42 ms	1.320 s	3.021 s	3.286 s	109.10 ms	3.286 s	2.6x faster
Scale Curve	serialize_zerodep[25000nodes]	css_select_bs4[25000nodes]	1.202 s	3.710 s	0.8	0.3	1.117 s	1.320 s	73.42 ms	1.320 s	3.662 s	3.805 s	57.30 ms	3.805 s	3.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5nodes]	229.4 µs	445.4 µs	4.4K	2.2K	211.6 µs	427.2 µs	24.7 µs	291.3 µs	398.5 µs	830.9 µs	58.3 µs	532.3 µs	1.9x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5nodes]	serialize_bs4[5nodes]	229.4 µs	609.8 µs	4.4K	1.6K	211.6 µs	427.2 µs	24.7 µs	291.3 µs	559.5 µs	992.4 µs	60.8 µs	693.9 µs	2.7x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5nodes]	css_select_bs4[5nodes]	229.4 µs	937.6 µs	4.4K	1.1K	211.6 µs	427.2 µs	24.7 µs	291.3 µs	702.4 µs	180.73 ms	5.78 ms	827.1 µs	4.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25nodes]	974.2 µs	2.23 ms	1.0K	449.3	914.6 µs	1.59 ms	89.7 µs	1.02 ms	1.65 ms	216.25 ms	9.45 ms	2.78 ms	2.3x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25nodes]	serialize_bs4[25nodes]	974.2 µs	2.52 ms	1.0K	397.5	914.6 µs	1.59 ms	89.7 µs	1.02 ms	2.36 ms	4.18 ms	303.5 µs	3.49 ms	2.6x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25nodes]	css_select_bs4[25nodes]	974.2 µs	3.04 ms	1.0K	329.4	914.6 µs	1.59 ms	89.7 µs	1.02 ms	2.86 ms	4.39 ms	333.9 µs	4.13 ms	3.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[50nodes]	parse_find_bs4[50nodes]	1.89 ms	3.85 ms	528.8	260.0	1.77 ms	2.78 ms	216.9 µs	2.61 ms	3.20 ms	111.38 ms	6.38 ms	4.45 ms	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[50nodes]	serialize_bs4[50nodes]	1.89 ms	4.93 ms	528.8	202.8	1.77 ms	2.78 ms	216.9 µs	2.61 ms	4.64 ms	6.32 ms	418.5 µs	5.92 ms	2.6x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[50nodes]	css_select_bs4[50nodes]	1.89 ms	5.88 ms	528.8	170.1	1.77 ms	2.78 ms	216.9 µs	2.61 ms	5.59 ms	7.37 ms	447.3 µs	7.00 ms	3.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[250nodes]	parse_find_bs4[250nodes]	9.17 ms	23.95 ms	109.1	41.8	8.78 ms	11.76 ms	396.4 µs	9.53 ms	15.57 ms	132.74 ms	28.74 ms	128.16 ms	2.6x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[250nodes]	serialize_bs4[250nodes]	9.17 ms	34.28 ms	109.1	29.2	8.78 ms	11.76 ms	396.4 µs	9.53 ms	22.42 ms	268.09 ms	43.98 ms	132.20 ms	3.7x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[250nodes]	css_select_bs4[250nodes]	9.17 ms	37.17 ms	109.1	26.9	8.78 ms	11.76 ms	396.4 µs	9.53 ms	27.13 ms	145.84 ms	31.70 ms	138.29 ms	4.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[500nodes]	30.31 ms	47.71 ms	33.0	21.0	17.27 ms	406.11 ms	56.22 ms	120.66 ms	32.39 ms	153.22 ms	39.25 ms	147.70 ms	1.6x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[500nodes]	serialize_bs4[500nodes]	30.31 ms	62.76 ms	33.0	15.9	17.27 ms	406.11 ms	56.22 ms	120.66 ms	45.24 ms	165.35 ms	42.17 ms	163.05 ms	2.1x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[500nodes]	css_select_bs4[500nodes]	30.31 ms	74.70 ms	33.0	13.4	17.27 ms	406.11 ms	56.22 ms	120.66 ms	54.74 ms	173.76 ms	44.40 ms	173.76 ms	2.5x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[2500nodes]	parse_find_bs4[2500nodes]	129.68 ms	233.20 ms	7.7	4.3	88.99 ms	204.63 ms	53.71 ms	204.63 ms	163.28 ms	283.81 ms	63.31 ms	283.81 ms	1.8x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[2500nodes]	serialize_bs4[2500nodes]	129.68 ms	308.06 ms	7.7	3.2	88.99 ms	204.63 ms	53.71 ms	204.63 ms	226.48 ms	386.74 ms	75.04 ms	386.74 ms	2.4x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[2500nodes]	css_select_bs4[2500nodes]	129.68 ms	380.78 ms	7.7	2.6	88.99 ms	204.63 ms	53.71 ms	204.63 ms	286.09 ms	421.46 ms	53.98 ms	421.46 ms	2.9x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[5000nodes]	251.65 ms	499.09 ms	4.0	2.0	182.23 ms	309.46 ms	62.81 ms	309.46 ms	449.25 ms	561.10 ms	54.30 ms	561.10 ms	2.0x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5000nodes]	serialize_bs4[5000nodes]	251.65 ms	631.89 ms	4.0	1.6	182.23 ms	309.46 ms	62.81 ms	309.46 ms	581.19 ms	694.05 ms	56.87 ms	694.05 ms	2.5x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[5000nodes]	css_select_bs4[5000nodes]	251.65 ms	726.24 ms	4.0	1.4	182.23 ms	309.46 ms	62.81 ms	309.46 ms	694.63 ms	812.87 ms	48.99 ms	812.87 ms	2.9x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25000nodes]	parse_find_bs4[25000nodes]	1.400 s	2.456 s	0.7	0.4	1.274 s	1.499 s	103.70 ms	1.499 s	2.364 s	2.624 s	109.24 ms	2.624 s	1.8x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25000nodes]	serialize_bs4[25000nodes]	1.400 s	3.126 s	0.7	0.3	1.274 s	1.499 s	103.70 ms	1.499 s	3.021 s	3.286 s	109.10 ms	3.286 s	2.2x faster
Scale Curve	css_select_zerodep[25000nodes]	css_select_bs4[25000nodes]	1.400 s	3.710 s	0.7	0.3	1.274 s	1.499 s	103.70 ms	1.499 s	3.662 s	3.805 s	57.30 ms	3.805 s	2.6x faster
Select (Large)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	25.98 ms	67.31 ms	38.5	14.9	17.57 ms	125.72 ms	27.56 ms	116.90 ms	54.15 ms	168.34 ms	35.92 ms	168.34 ms	2.6x faster
Select (Medium)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	1.90 ms	6.45 ms	525.5	155.1	1.78 ms	3.15 ms	245.8 µs	2.69 ms	5.51 ms	110.04 ms	8.20 ms	6.84 ms	3.4x faster
Select (Small)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	230.1 µs	773.3 µs	4.3K	1.3K	209.6 µs	709.3 µs	29.1 µs	299.6 µs	718.3 µs	1.21 ms	67.5 µs	863.3 µs	3.4x faster
Serialize (Large)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	22.01 ms	60.10 ms	45.4	16.6	15.01 ms	122.16 ms	24.74 ms	110.71 ms	44.74 ms	156.43 ms	37.96 ms	153.18 ms	2.7x faster
Serialize (Medium)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	1.62 ms	5.37 ms	616.9	186.1	1.51 ms	2.73 ms	218.6 µs	2.33 ms	4.59 ms	105.55 ms	7.18 ms	5.76 ms	3.3x faster
Serialize (Small)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	220.6 µs	614.9 µs	4.5K	1.6K	164.5 µs	111.23 ms	2.01 ms	245.0 µs	561.8 µs	1.04 ms	62.2 µs	700.7 µs	2.8x faster
Small	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	181.6 µs	454.0 µs	5.5K	2.2K	165.1 µs	367.4 µs	24.9 µs	243.1 µs	407.4 µs	874.4 µs	62.2 µs	545.8 µs	2.5x faster
Tree Ops (Large)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	22.91 ms	51.69 ms	43.7	19.3	15.46 ms	127.18 ms	26.25 ms	115.85 ms	35.00 ms	153.01 ms	39.68 ms	147.30 ms	2.3x faster
Tree Ops (Medium)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	1.68 ms	4.25 ms	596.6	235.3	1.58 ms	2.67 ms	175.1 µs	2.29 ms	3.55 ms	106.04 ms	6.54 ms	4.90 ms	2.5x faster
Tree Ops (Small)	zerodep	beautifulsoup4	194.6 µs	540.3 µs	5.1K	1.9K	179.9 µs	661.3 µs	25.1 µs	256.8 µs	486.0 µs	959.7 µs	63.1 µs	626.0 µs	2.8x faster

sparse_search↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Indexing Performance	index_1k_ours	rank-bm25	132.09 ms	11.22 ms	7.6	89.1	61.34 ms	162.29 ms	48.18 ms	162.29 ms	10.11 ms	93.61 ms	8.83 ms	10.52 ms	11.8x slower
Large Search Performance	search_1k_ours	rank-bm25	2.4 µs	291.2 µs	422.8K	3.4K	2.2 µs	44.0 µs	425.8 ns	2.4 µs	273.7 µs	385.0 µs	10.1 µs	307.8 µs	123.1x faster
Scale Search10K	broad_query_ours	rank-bm25	45.36 ms	2.66 ms	22.0	376.0	41.16 ms	49.07 ms	2.13 ms	48.29 ms	2.49 ms	3.46 ms	204.4 µs	3.04 ms	17.1x slower
Scale Search10K	selective_query_ours	rank-bm25	123.4 µs	2.33 ms	8.1K	429.3	120.1 µs	204.3 µs	4.1 µs	130.6 µs	2.21 ms	2.88 ms	123.0 µs	2.57 ms	18.9x faster
Scale Search1K	broad_query_ours	rank-bm25	3.43 ms	232.9 µs	291.5	4.3K	3.38 ms	3.73 ms	36.5 µs	3.49 ms	221.8 µs	425.7 µs	11.7 µs	255.7 µs	14.7x slower
Scale Search1K	selective_query_ours	rank-bm25	13.5 µs	226.3 µs	74.0K	4.4K	12.9 µs	44.8 µs	1.0 µs	13.8 µs	214.6 µs	399.9 µs	11.5 µs	244.9 µs	16.7x faster
Search Performance	search_ours	rank-bm25	2.4 µs	80.8 µs	419.9K	12.4K	2.2 µs	41.4 µs	442.2 ns	2.5 µs	78.5 µs	130.0 µs	3.0 µs	86.8 µs	33.9x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Calibration Performance	calibrate_corpus	759.8 µs	1.3K	716.5 µs	989.1 µs	23.1 µs	783.1 µs
Calibration Performance	search_raw	30.5 µs	32.8K	29.2 µs	83.8 µs	1.7 µs	31.5 µs
Calibration Performance	search_calibrated	57.1 µs	17.5K	55.4 µs	110.6 µs	2.4 µs	63.1 µs
Indexing Performance	index_1k_bm25s	38.81 ms	25.8	38.16 ms	41.17 ms	708.7 µs	41.03 ms
Large Search Performance	search_1k_bm25s	23.8 µs	42.1K	23.0 µs	87.4 µs	1.9 µs	24.7 µs
MMRPerformance	mmr_100_candidates	3.06 ms	326.5	3.02 ms	3.24 ms	22.3 µs	3.10 ms
MMRPerformance	mmr_500_candidates	18.94 ms	52.8	18.85 ms	19.16 ms	59.8 µs	19.04 ms
RRFPerformance	rrf_2_lists_1000_results	718.8 µs	1.4K	692.1 µs	961.7 µs	20.9 µs	737.1 µs
RRFPerformance	rrf_10_lists_100_results	344.3 µs	2.9K	332.1 µs	548.0 µs	8.2 µs	354.8 µs
RRFPerformance	rrf_overlapping_docs	664.2 µs	1.5K	645.3 µs	923.8 µs	11.7 µs	677.2 µs
Scale Search10K	broad_query_bm25s	137.9 µs	7.2K	134.0 µs	248.6 µs	5.2 µs	146.9 µs
Scale Search10K	selective_query_bm25s	1.08 ms	922.6	1.07 ms	1.19 ms	10.7 µs	1.10 ms
Scale Search1K	broad_query_bm25s	38.7 µs	25.9K	37.3 µs	529.1 µs	6.5 µs	41.7 µs
Scale Search1K	selective_query_bm25s	100.3 µs	10.0K	98.0 µs	201.0 µs	4.1 µs	108.0 µs
Search Performance	search_bm25s	21.0 µs	47.6K	20.1 µs	67.5 µs	1.9 µs	22.0 µs

sse↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Large Stream	zerodep	httpx	2.25 ms	1.61 ms	444.4	622.2	2.21 ms	2.72 ms	31.0 µs	2.28 ms	1.58 ms	1.72 ms	15.6 µs	1.63 ms	1.4x slower
Medium Stream	zerodep	httpx	299.1 µs	232.1 µs	3.3K	4.3K	291.1 µs	366.9 µs	6.1 µs	306.6 µs	225.7 µs	334.7 µs	5.3 µs	239.7 µs	1.3x slower
Small Stream	zerodep	httpx	23.5 µs	16.6 µs	42.6K	60.1K	22.7 µs	74.3 µs	1.5 µs	24.0 µs	16.0 µs	74.0 µs	1.2 µs	16.9 µs	1.4x slower

structlog↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Bind And Log	zerodep	structlog	8.5 µs	14.9 µs	117.3K	67.1K	8.1 µs	47.0 µs	847.0 ns	8.7 µs	13.2 µs	910.0 µs	10.8 µs	21.5 µs	1.7x faster
Bound Log	zerodep	structlog	8.7 µs	13.9 µs	115.1K	72.0K	8.3 µs	55.8 µs	924.7 ns	8.9 µs	13.1 µs	64.5 µs	1.6 µs	16.2 µs	1.6x faster
JSONRendering	zerodep	structlog	7.3 µs	8.5 µs	137.9K	117.7K	6.9 µs	47.2 µs	822.1 ns	7.4 µs	8.2 µs	42.0 µs	821.7 ns	8.6 µs	1.2x faster
Simple Log	zerodep	structlog	7.7 µs	9.6 µs	130.2K	104.0K	7.3 µs	38.4 µs	848.7 ns	7.9 µs	9.2 µs	43.1 µs	920.6 ns	9.9 µs	1.3x faster

tabulate↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Large Table	zerodep	reference	5.32 ms	21.28 ms	187.8	47.0	4.79 ms	86.50 ms	5.99 ms	5.03 ms	21.06 ms	21.75 ms	118.1 µs	21.44 ms	4.0x faster
Medium Table	zerodep	reference	315.2 µs	1.39 ms	3.2K	717.6	303.8 µs	712.4 µs	22.2 µs	324.3 µs	1.37 ms	1.65 ms	21.2 µs	1.42 ms	4.4x faster
Small Table	zerodep	reference	36.5 µs	112.6 µs	27.4K	8.9K	35.4 µs	79.8 µs	1.9 µs	38.4 µs	109.0 µs	178.6 µs	5.2 µs	120.3 µs	3.1x faster

toon↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Decode Benchmark	decode_large_ours	decode_large_ref	1.68 ms	1.75 ms	596.3	570.9	1.65 ms	1.83 ms	15.8 µs	1.70 ms	1.72 ms	2.05 ms	22.7 µs	1.78 ms	~equal
Decode Benchmark	decode_medium_ours	decode_medium_ref	247.9 µs	257.8 µs	4.0K	3.9K	236.1 µs	613.6 µs	28.4 µs	285.8 µs	250.9 µs	415.9 µs	6.5 µs	265.1 µs	~equal
Decode Benchmark	decode_small_ours	decode_small_ref	16.2 µs	17.7 µs	61.8K	56.5K	15.5 µs	55.7 µs	1.2 µs	16.5 µs	16.8 µs	75.7 µs	1.6 µs	18.3 µs	1.1x faster
Encode Benchmark	encode_large_ours	encode_large_ref	967.0 µs	1.25 ms	1.0K	797.6	951.2 µs	1.14 ms	12.7 µs	980.5 µs	1.23 ms	1.54 ms	18.1 µs	1.28 ms	1.3x faster
Encode Benchmark	encode_medium_ours	encode_medium_ref	154.9 µs	199.2 µs	6.5K	5.0K	150.6 µs	287.8 µs	5.2 µs	161.6 µs	193.9 µs	275.5 µs	5.2 µs	207.0 µs	1.3x faster
Encode Benchmark	encode_small_ours	encode_small_ref	6.9 µs	9.7 µs	144.1K	103.5K	6.6 µs	42.2 µs	843.2 ns	7.0 µs	9.3 µs	26.8 µs	989.6 ns	9.9 µs	1.4x faster

useragent↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Generate Chrome Desktop	zerodep	ua_generator	3.9 µs	9.3 µs	259.4K	107.7K	3.0 µs	298.9 µs	5.1 µs	4.0 µs	8.0 µs	30.7 µs	1.0 µs	10.0 µs	2.4x faster
Generate Default	zerodep	ua_generator	4.3 µs	9.7 µs	234.0K	103.4K	3.3 µs	1.76 ms	13.3 µs	4.3 µs	6.7 µs	44.1 µs	1.9 µs	12.4 µs	2.3x faster
Generate Edge Mobile	zerodep	ua_generator	4.1 µs	11.4 µs	244.3K	87.5K	3.4 µs	336.6 µs	5.3 µs	4.0 µs	8.9 µs	157.4 µs	4.9 µs	15.8 µs	2.8x faster
Headers Get	zerodep	ua_generator	6.1 µs	11.9 µs	163.4K	83.8K	5.0 µs	387.9 µs	6.3 µs	6.4 µs	10.5 µs	80.7 µs	1.4 µs	12.7 µs	1.9x faster

validate↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Benchmark Constrained	ours	pydantic	7.9 µs	1.2 µs	126.3K	822.1K	7.5 µs	21.5 µs	751.7 ns	8.0 µs	1.1 µs	18.9 µs	263.6 ns	1.2 µs	6.5x slower
Benchmark Json Schema	ours	pydantic	7.6 µs	127.7 µs	130.7K	7.8K	7.3 µs	81.6 µs	887.5 ns	7.8 µs	108.3 µs	1.85 ms	92.8 µs	179.9 µs	16.7x faster
Benchmark List Of Dicts	ours	pydantic	182.7 µs	24.9 µs	5.5K	40.2K	176.8 µs	298.5 µs	6.2 µs	190.0 µs	23.7 µs	50.8 µs	1.4 µs	25.4 µs	7.3x slower
Benchmark Nested	ours	pydantic	8.2 µs	1.7 µs	122.6K	591.6K	7.7 µs	76.1 µs	980.1 ns	8.3 µs	1.6 µs	24.6 µs	329.2 ns	1.7 µs	4.8x slower
Benchmark Simple	ours	pydantic	4.7 µs	1.2 µs	214.5K	854.3K	4.4 µs	18.5 µs	564.2 ns	4.7 µs	1.1 µs	48.0 µs	328.3 ns	1.2 µs	4.0x slower

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Benchmark Conversation (Large)	ours	32.54 ms	30.7	32.20 ms	32.79 ms	154.9 µs	32.76 ms
Benchmark Conversation (Medium)	ours	6.50 ms	153.8	6.44 ms	6.66 ms	35.8 µs	6.55 ms
Benchmark Conversation (Small)	ours	450.1 µs	2.2K	440.9 µs	642.9 µs	9.0 µs	456.9 µs
Benchmark Disc Union Flat2000	ours	11.67 ms	85.7	11.50 ms	15.86 ms	466.5 µs	11.79 ms
Benchmark Disc Union Flat50	ours	297.8 µs	3.4K	290.7 µs	369.8 µs	5.3 µs	305.5 µs
Benchmark Disc Union Flat500	ours	2.91 ms	344.2	2.87 ms	3.06 ms	25.2 µs	2.95 ms
Benchmark Tools10	ours	328.2 µs	3.0K	320.8 µs	404.5 µs	6.0 µs	335.3 µs
Benchmark Tools200	ours	11.97 ms	83.5	11.86 ms	12.30 ms	83.3 µs	12.11 ms
Benchmark Tools50	ours	2.45 ms	408.2	2.40 ms	2.58 ms	23.8 µs	2.49 ms

websocket↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Burst Messages	zerodep	websockets	3.65 ms	5.13 ms	274.0	194.8	3.39 ms	5.89 ms	526.5 µs	5.62 ms	4.56 ms	6.72 ms	466.9 µs	6.10 ms	1.4x faster
Concurrent Messages	zerodep	websockets	11.51 ms	13.27 ms	86.9	75.4	10.88 ms	12.13 ms	233.9 µs	11.87 ms	12.79 ms	14.39 ms	304.3 µs	13.79 ms	1.2x faster
Connection Setup	zerodep	websockets	287.2 µs	889.2 µs	3.5K	1.1K	262.0 µs	477.1 µs	20.7 µs	319.3 µs	789.7 µs	1.77 ms	71.8 µs	1.03 ms	3.1x faster
Json Rpc Roundtrip	zerodep	websockets	61.5 µs	83.6 µs	16.3K	12.0K	54.3 µs	141.2 µs	6.4 µs	74.9 µs	74.3 µs	160.6 µs	6.6 µs	96.2 µs	1.4x faster
Large Payload	zerodep	websockets	4.98 ms	2.62 ms	200.7	381.0	4.93 ms	5.14 ms	31.8 µs	5.05 ms	2.55 ms	3.18 ms	38.9 µs	2.66 ms	1.9x slower

xml↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Parse (Large)	zerodep	xmltodict	3.87 ms	4.29 ms	258.5	233.2	3.82 ms	4.18 ms	32.0 µs	3.91 ms	4.23 ms	4.44 ms	31.4 µs	4.34 ms	1.1x faster
Parse (Medium)	zerodep	xmltodict	285.0 µs	321.9 µs	3.5K	3.1K	277.9 µs	421.3 µs	6.1 µs	292.9 µs	312.6 µs	408.4 µs	6.1 µs	329.7 µs	1.1x faster
Parse (Small)	zerodep	xmltodict	11.2 µs	12.9 µs	89.0K	77.7K	10.8 µs	48.5 µs	1.1 µs	11.4 µs	12.4 µs	41.9 µs	1.1 µs	13.2 µs	1.1x faster
Unparse (Large)	zerodep	xmltodict	3.02 ms	4.95 ms	331.1	202.1	2.99 ms	3.58 ms	37.8 µs	3.05 ms	4.72 ms	7.31 ms	287.1 µs	5.03 ms	1.6x faster
Unparse (Medium)	zerodep	xmltodict	207.8 µs	346.7 µs	4.8K	2.9K	202.6 µs	394.5 µs	8.5 µs	214.8 µs	338.7 µs	444.6 µs	6.2 µs	354.3 µs	1.7x faster
Unparse (Small)	zerodep	xmltodict	11.1 µs	14.9 µs	89.9K	67.0K	10.7 µs	40.7 µs	1.0 µs	11.4 µs	14.4 µs	53.5 µs	1.3 µs	15.4 µs	1.3x faster

Standalone benchmarks

Operation	Variant	Mean	ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95
Extract Tags	extract_all	560.3 µs	1.8K	548.9 µs	835.2 µs	13.4 µs	567.7 µs
Extract Tags	extract_filtered	331.1 µs	3.0K	322.8 µs	437.5 µs	6.9 µs	338.2 µs
Extract Tags	extract_first_only	7.2 µs	138.6K	7.0 µs	54.2 µs	746.6 ns	7.3 µs

yaml↗

Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	zerodep tail latency				Ref tail latency				Ratio
Operation	zerodep	Reference	zd mean	Ref mean	zd ops/s	Ref ops/s	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Min	Max	StdDev	P95	Ratio
Dump (Large)	zerodep	PyYAML	2.08 ms	15.41 ms	479.8	64.9	2.05 ms	3.28 ms	96.4 µs	2.12 ms	14.06 ms	91.77 ms	9.70 ms	14.35 ms	7.4x faster
Dump (Medium)	zerodep	PyYAML	98.3 µs	690.5 µs	10.2K	1.4K	94.8 µs	169.3 µs	5.5 µs	111.9 µs	667.1 µs	1.40 ms	38.7 µs	702.9 µs	7.0x faster
Dump (Small)	zerodep	PyYAML	15.2 µs	113.4 µs	65.6K	8.8K	14.8 µs	54.1 µs	1.1 µs	15.5 µs	110.0 µs	179.2 µs	4.3 µs	120.6 µs	7.4x faster
Fixture Dump Docker Compose	zerodep	PyYAML	8.7 µs	63.6 µs	115.0K	15.7K	8.3 µs	51.3 µs	829.1 ns	8.8 µs	61.4 µs	125.6 µs	3.1 µs	69.9 µs	7.3x faster
Fixture Dump Github Actions	zerodep	PyYAML	340.7 µs	2.51 ms	2.9K	398.4	333.6 µs	478.6 µs	6.9 µs	348.0 µs	2.47 ms	2.73 ms	24.0 µs	2.56 ms	7.4x faster
Fixture Dump K8s Deployment	zerodep	PyYAML	192.9 µs	1.40 ms	5.2K	715.9	188.2 µs	285.3 µs	6.8 µs	200.9 µs	1.37 ms	1.63 ms	19.0 µs	1.42 ms	7.2x faster
Fixture Load Docker Compose	zerodep	PyYAML	924.1 µs	5.65 ms	1.1K	177.0	906.6 µs	1.07 ms	12.6 µs	936.8 µs	5.10 ms	81.05 ms	5.68 ms	5.31 ms	6.1x faster
Fixture Load Github Actions	zerodep	PyYAML	701.5 µs	4.65 ms	1.4K	215.2	684.5 µs	1.03 ms	14.8 µs	712.0 µs	4.59 ms	5.11 ms	52.1 µs	4.73 ms	6.6x faster
Fixture Load K8s Deployment	zerodep	PyYAML	1.77 ms	11.27 ms	566.5	88.8	1.67 ms	2.11 ms	81.2 µs	1.87 ms	11.14 ms	11.62 ms	83.2 µs	11.40 ms	6.4x faster
Load (Large)	zerodep	PyYAML	4.36 ms	30.84 ms	229.6	32.4	4.21 ms	7.78 ms	420.1 µs	5.00 ms	28.36 ms	104.52 ms	12.82 ms	29.46 ms	7.1x faster
Load (Medium)	zerodep	PyYAML	221.1 µs	1.31 ms	4.5K	762.8	215.9 µs	395.1 µs	6.7 µs	228.5 µs	1.27 ms	2.36 ms	114.4 µs	1.49 ms	5.9x faster
Load (Small)	zerodep	PyYAML	33.6 µs	190.1 µs	29.7K	5.3K	32.6 µs	84.8 µs	1.8 µs	34.5 µs	183.2 µs	303.7 µs	6.1 µs	197.8 µs	5.7x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[100B]	PyYAML	16.2 µs	106.9 µs	61.8K	9.4K	15.6 µs	61.6 µs	1.2 µs	16.4 µs	103.7 µs	182.2 µs	3.6 µs	113.4 µs	6.6x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[100KB]	PyYAML	16.69 ms	107.50 ms	59.9	9.3	16.50 ms	17.03 ms	95.4 µs	16.89 ms	93.19 ms	169.56 ms	30.55 ms	169.56 ms	6.4x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[10KB]	PyYAML	1.40 ms	9.34 ms	713.7	107.1	1.38 ms	1.72 ms	22.7 µs	1.43 ms	9.21 ms	9.90 ms	90.9 µs	9.42 ms	6.7x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[1KB]	PyYAML	145.5 µs	914.8 µs	6.9K	1.1K	141.8 µs	244.5 µs	4.8 µs	152.7 µs	893.9 µs	996.4 µs	11.3 µs	930.9 µs	6.3x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[500B]	PyYAML	73.4 µs	466.8 µs	13.6K	2.1K	71.4 µs	132.6 µs	3.0 µs	79.8 µs	453.8 µs	610.5 µs	9.3 µs	475.4 µs	6.4x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[500KB]	PyYAML	84.25 ms	528.54 ms	11.9	1.9	83.04 ms	86.39 ms	1.02 ms	86.39 ms	480.00 ms	564.04 ms	43.97 ms	564.04 ms	6.3x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[50KB]	PyYAML	8.35 ms	50.54 ms	119.8	19.8	8.21 ms	8.80 ms	83.9 µs	8.46 ms	46.21 ms	123.04 ms	16.62 ms	48.16 ms	6.1x faster
Scale Curve	dump_zerodep[5KB]	PyYAML	720.4 µs	4.59 ms	1.4K	217.6	699.9 µs	1.33 ms	22.6 µs	731.6 µs	4.53 ms	4.69 ms	27.9 µs	4.65 ms	6.4x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[100B]	PyYAML	29.8 µs	164.1 µs	33.5K	6.1K	28.9 µs	76.6 µs	1.7 µs	32.2 µs	159.1 µs	337.7 µs	5.6 µs	171.1 µs	5.5x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[100KB]	PyYAML	30.69 ms	178.84 ms	32.6	5.6	28.03 ms	102.85 ms	12.76 ms	29.23 ms	154.61 ms	236.22 ms	37.49 ms	236.22 ms	5.8x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[10KB]	PyYAML	2.73 ms	16.60 ms	365.7	60.2	2.70 ms	2.92 ms	29.7 µs	2.79 ms	15.16 ms	91.93 ms	9.64 ms	15.66 ms	6.1x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[1KB]	PyYAML	279.4 µs	1.52 ms	3.6K	658.3	273.0 µs	488.8 µs	7.6 µs	286.8 µs	1.49 ms	2.07 ms	28.0 µs	1.55 ms	5.4x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[500B]	PyYAML	155.0 µs	756.4 µs	6.5K	1.3K	151.5 µs	220.9 µs	4.2 µs	161.8 µs	737.7 µs	974.0 µs	14.8 µs	773.0 µs	4.9x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[500KB]	PyYAML	169.45 ms	937.46 ms	5.9	1.1	146.05 ms	224.97 ms	37.40 ms	224.97 ms	876.81 ms	977.47 ms	51.99 ms	977.47 ms	5.5x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[50KB]	PyYAML	14.06 ms	89.68 ms	71.1	11.2	13.89 ms	15.04 ms	164.3 µs	14.34 ms	76.92 ms	159.79 ms	29.35 ms	159.79 ms	6.4x faster
Scale Curve	load_zerodep[5KB]	PyYAML	1.41 ms	7.64 ms	709.4	130.8	1.39 ms	1.51 ms	13.7 µs	1.43 ms	7.53 ms	8.82 ms	155.9 µs	7.81 ms	5.4x faster

zerodep Benchmark Report

a2a↗

acp↗

aes↗

cache↗

cdp↗

Standalone benchmarks

config↗

Standalone benchmarks

diff↗

Standalone benchmarks

dotenv↗

frontmatter↗

httpclient↗

Standalone benchmarks

httpserver↗

Standalone benchmarks

jsonrpc↗

Standalone benchmarks

jsonschema↗

jsonx↗

llmstxt↗

Standalone benchmarks

markdown↗

multipart↗

Standalone benchmarks

persistdict↗

png↗

protobuf↗

Standalone benchmarks

qr↗

readability↗

Standalone benchmarks

retry↗

runner↗

scheduler↗

semver↗

soup↗

sparse_search↗

Standalone benchmarks

sse↗

structlog↗

tabulate↗

toon↗

useragent↗

validate↗

Standalone benchmarks

websocket↗

xml↗

Standalone benchmarks

yaml↗